fix(mcp): a tool's refusal reaches the agent with its reason (#4794)

SDK 2.x passes on only a ToolError's text. Any other exception becomes
UnexpectedToolError("Error executing tool X") and its message stays on the
server. ValueError is how every Scribe tool refuses — what was refused, why,
what to do instead — so every refusal reached the agent bare, and it could
only retry blind. Seen live: tune_retrieval(actor="operator") and
judge_menu(verdicts=[]) both answered "Error executing tool …" and nothing
else.

StrictArgsMCPServer.call_tool re-raises an UnexpectedToolError caused by a
ValueError as a ToolError carrying the message, in the SDK's own
"Error executing tool X: <reason>" shape. Other exceptions are crashes and
stay masked. The stale comment claiming the SDK returns ValueError text is
corrected.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

tests/test_mcp_strict_args.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ call carrying arguments the tool does not declare, with a did-you-mean when
 one is close. An error the caller sees once beats data half-written forever.
 """
 import pytest
-from mcp.server.mcpserver.exceptions import ToolError
+from mcp.server.mcpserver.exceptions import ToolError, UnexpectedToolError
 
 from scribe.mcp.server import StrictArgsMCPServer
 
@@ -59,6 +59,58 @@ async def test_unknown_tool_keeps_the_upstream_error():
     assert "no_such_tool" in str(exc.value)
 
 
+# --- a refusal's text reaches the agent (#4794) -------------------------------
+#
+# SDK 2.x passes on only a ToolError's text; anything else is wrapped as
+# "Error executing tool X" and its message is kept on the server. ValueError is
+# how every Scribe tool refuses, so for weeks every refusal arrived bare.
+
+
+def _raising_server() -> StrictArgsMCPServer:
+    mcp = StrictArgsMCPServer("refusal-test")
+
+    @mcp.tool()
+    def refuse() -> str:
+        raise ValueError("record 7 is not yours to change — open your own copy")
+
+    @mcp.tool()
+    def crash() -> str:
+        raise RuntimeError("password=hunter2 at db.internal:5432")
+
+    return mcp
+
+
+async def test_a_refusal_reaches_the_caller_with_its_reason():
+    mcp = _raising_server()
+    with pytest.raises(ToolError) as exc:
+        await mcp.call_tool("refuse", {})
+    msg = str(exc.value)
+    assert "Error executing tool refuse" in msg
+    assert "record 7 is not yours to change — open your own copy" in msg
+    assert not isinstance(exc.value, UnexpectedToolError), (
+        "still typed as a crash, so the SDK's handler would log it as one")
+
+
+async def test_a_crash_stays_masked():
+    """Only the refusal convention is unmasked: a crash's text can carry
+    internals, and the SDK hides it for that reason."""
+    mcp = _raising_server()
+    with pytest.raises(UnexpectedToolError) as exc:
+        await mcp.call_tool("crash", {})
+    assert "hunter2" not in str(exc.value)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("_bind_user")
+async def test_a_real_tools_refusal_reaches_the_caller():
+    """Against the real server, on a refusal that needs no database: the
+    message judge_menu writes for an empty verdict list."""
+    from scribe.mcp.server import build_mcp_server
+
+    with pytest.raises(ToolError) as exc:
+        await build_mcp_server().call_tool("judge_menu", {"log_id": 1, "verdicts": []})
+    assert "at least one verdict" in str(exc.value)
+
+
 async def test_the_original_regression_create_note_with_content():
     """Pin #2709 itself against the REAL server: `content=` on create_note
     must raise before dispatch — naming the bad argument and listing `body`