Merge pull request 'agent: download/GPU producer-consumer pipeline + detector fuse fix' (#173) from dev into main

2026-06-30 23:39:25 -04:00
parent 216b7fc743 afef95a87d
commit 9f9db01456
3 changed files with 478 additions and 273 deletions
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 """FastAPI control surface for the agent (served on localhost).

-Start / stop the worker pool, tune the worker count live (trades desktop
-responsiveness for throughput), and watch GPU load + progress + the server-side
-queue. Config is env-seeded; the worker count is adjustable here on the fly.
+Start / stop the download→GPU pipeline, tune the downloader count live (the
+workload is download-bound, so downloaders are the dial that trades desktop
+bandwidth for throughput), and watch GPU load + buffer occupancy + progress +
+the server-side queue. Config is env-seeded; the downloader count is adjustable
+here on the fly (GPU consumers autoscale between 1 and 2 on their own).
 """
 from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
 from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse, JSONResponse
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ from .worker import Worker
 # Bump on every agent change. The page embeds this and /status reports it; the UI
 # warns to reload when they differ — so a stale browser-cached page can't be
 # mistaken for "the new image didn't deploy". (Belt-and-braces with no-store.)
-VERSION = "2026-06-30.10 · video region early-exit"
+VERSION = "2026-07-01.1 · download/GPU pipeline"

 logbuf.install()
 cfg = Config.from_env()
@@ -156,9 +158,9 @@ _PAGE = """<!doctype html><html><head><meta charset=utf-8>
 #conc{width:3.4rem;height:32px;text-align:center;font:700 16px system-ui;background:#11151a;
  color:var(--fg);border:1px solid var(--bd);border-radius:8px}
 .hint{color:var(--mut);font-size:12px;margin-top:12px}
- .tiles{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:10px;margin-bottom:16px}
- .tile{background:#13171d;border:1px solid var(--bd);border-radius:10px;padding:12px 10px;text-align:center}
- .tile .n{font:800 24px ui-monospace,monospace;line-height:1.1}
+ .tiles{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,1fr);gap:8px;margin-bottom:16px}
+ .tile{background:#13171d;border:1px solid var(--bd);border-radius:10px;padding:12px 8px;text-align:center}
+ .tile .n{font:800 22px ui-monospace,monospace;line-height:1.1}
 .tile .n.warn{color:var(--red)} .tile .n.ok{color:var(--grn)}
 .tile .l{font-size:10px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--mut);margin-top:4px}
 .meters{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;margin-bottom:14px}
@@ -167,6 +169,7 @@ _PAGE = """<!doctype html><html><head><meta charset=utf-8>
 .bar{height:9px;border-radius:5px;background:#11151a;border:1px solid var(--bd);overflow:hidden}
 .bar>i{display:block;height:100%;width:0;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#3a7d57,var(--grn));transition:width .4s}
 #utilbar{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#9a5a1f,var(--acc))}
+ #bufbar{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#2f5a9a,#4a86d8)}
 .queue{font:13px ui-monospace,monospace;color:var(--mut)}
 .banner{margin:0 0 14px;padding:.7rem .9rem;border-radius:10px;background:#3a2f12;
  border:1px solid #5a4a17;color:#ffd98a;font-size:13px}
@@ -208,24 +211,28 @@ _PAGE = """<!doctype html><html><head><meta charset=utf-8>
    <button class=step onclick=setc(1)>+</button>
   </div>
  </div>
-  <div class=hint id=conchint>auto-tuning to fill the GPU · max <b id=capn>8</b></div>
+  <div class=hint id=conchint>auto-tuning downloaders to keep the GPU fed · max <b id=capn>8</b></div>
 </section>

 <section class=card>
  <div class=card-h>Status</div>
  <div class=tiles>
   <div class=tile><div class=n id=state>—</div><div class=l>state</div></div>
-   <div class=tile><div class=n id=active>0</div><div class=l>active</div></div>
+   <div class=tile><div class=n id=dln>0</div><div class=l>downloaders</div></div>
+   <div class=tile><div class=n id=bufn>—</div><div class=l>buffer</div></div>
+   <div class=tile><div class=n id=active>0</div><div class=l>on GPU</div></div>
   <div class=tile><div class="n ok" id=done>0</div><div class=l>processed</div></div>
   <div class=tile><div class=n id=err>0</div><div class=l>errors</div></div>
-   <div class=tile><div class=n id=wait>0</div><div class=l>waited out</div></div>
  </div>
  <div class=meters>
   <div class=meter><div class=meter-h><span>GPU util</span><b id=utillbl>—</b></div>
    <div class=bar><i id=utilbar></i></div></div>
   <div class=meter><div class=meter-h><span>VRAM</span><b id=vramlbl>—</b></div>
    <div class=bar><i id=gpubar></i></div></div>
+   <div class=meter><div class=meter-h><span>buffer occupancy</span><b id=buflbl>—</b></div>
+    <div class=bar><i id=bufbar></i></div></div>
  </div>
+  <div class=queue id=pipe>consumers — · waited out 0</div>
  <div class=queue id=queue>queue —</div>
 </section>

@@ -281,13 +288,19 @@ _PAGE = """<!doctype html><html><head><meta charset=utf-8>
  const draining=!running && s.active>0
  state.textContent=draining?'stopping':s.state
  state.className='n'+(draining?' busy':'')
-  active.textContent=s.active; done.textContent=s.processed
+  dln.textContent=(s.downloaders!=null?s.downloaders:'—')
+  bufn.textContent=(s.buffer!=null?(s.buffer+'/'+s.buffer_max):'—')
+  active.textContent=s.active; active.className='n'+(s.active>0?' busy':'')
+  done.textContent=s.processed
  err.textContent=s.errors; err.className='n'+(s.errors>0?' warn':'')
-  wait.textContent=s.transient||0
+  pipe.textContent='consumers '+(s.consumers!=null?s.consumers:'—')+' · waited out '+(s.transient||0)
+  // Buffer occupancy bar (also driven here so it tracks the /status cadence).
+  if(s.buffer!=null && s.buffer_max){ const p=Math.round(100*s.buffer/s.buffer_max)
+   buflbl.textContent=s.buffer+' / '+s.buffer_max; bufbar.style.width=p+'%' }
  // Auto on → dial reflects the auto-chosen count (read-only); off → manual.
  if(document.activeElement!==autochk) autochk.checked=!!s.auto
  conc.disabled=!!s.auto; conc.style.opacity=s.auto?0.55:1
-  conchint.textContent=s.auto?('auto-tuning to fill the GPU · max '+CAP):('manual · max '+CAP)
+  conchint.textContent=s.auto?('auto-tuning downloaders to keep the GPU fed · max '+CAP):('manual downloaders · max '+CAP)
  if(document.activeElement!==conc) conc.value=s.concurrency
  conc.max=CAP
  // Connection pill + queue come only from the /status poll (the Start/Stop POST
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ cached under HF_HOME so the download happens once.
 import logging
 import os
 import threading
+import types
 from pathlib import Path

 log = logging.getLogger("fc_agent.detectors")
@@ -93,6 +94,18 @@ class YoloProposer:
                    self._ok = False
                    return
                self._model = YOLO(path)
+                # Disable ultralytics' load-time Conv+BN fusion. AutoBackend fuses
+                # the graph on the first predict; some checkpoints (yolo11n, the
+                # comic-panel model) crash that step with "'Conv' object has no
+                # attribute 'bn'" (a partially-fused / version-mismatched graph),
+                # which silently disabled those proposers (operator-flagged
+                # 2026-07-01). Unfused inference is correct — only marginally
+                # slower — and this is robust across ultralytics versions; if a
+                # future version ignores the override, the detect() guard below
+                # still self-disables the proposer instead of spamming per image.
+                inner = getattr(self._model, "model", None)
+                if inner is not None:
+                    inner.fuse = types.MethodType(lambda self, *a, **k: self, inner)
                log.info("detector %s loaded (%s)", self.name, path)
            except Exception as exc:   # noqa: BLE001
                log.warning("detector %s disabled (load failed): %s", self.name, exc)
@@ -105,7 +118,12 @@ class YoloProposer:
        try:
            res = self._model.predict(image, conf=self._conf, verbose=False)[0]
        except Exception as exc:   # noqa: BLE001
-            log.warning("detector %s inference failed: %s", self.name, exc)
+            # Permanently self-disable on the FIRST inference failure rather than
+            # re-throwing (and re-logging) on every image forever — an unfixable
+            # model fault degrades to "this proposer is off", logged once.
+            log.warning("detector %s disabled (inference failed): %s", self.name, exc)
+            self._ok = False
+            self._model = None
            return []
        iw, ih = image.size
        names = getattr(res, "names", None) or {}
@@ -1,15 +1,35 @@
-"""The lease → fetch → detect+embed → submit loop, run by a pool of worker
-slots whose count is tunable live from the UI.
+"""The lease → download → detect+embed → submit pipeline.

-Each slot is an independent loop (its own leases; the server's SKIP-LOCKED lease
-keeps them from colliding). More slots = more GPU load + throughput; the model is
-loaded once and shared, so slots add concurrent inference, not N× model VRAM.
-That's the dial the operator turns to trade desktop responsiveness for speed.
+The workload is DOWNLOAD-BOUND (operator timing 2026-07-01: download 400–5462ms,
+GPU ~300–600ms), so a design where each worker runs the whole serial chain leaves
+the fast GPU idle during every download. This splits the chain into a producer/
+consumer pipeline instead:

-Stop (or shrinking the pool) RELEASES a slot's still-leased jobs immediately so
-orphaned work is re-picked at once rather than waiting out the lease.
+    downloader pool (N threads) ── lease→download→decode ──▶ [bounded buffer]
+                                                                   │
+                                              ┌────────────────────┘
+                                              ▼
+                             GPU consumer(s) (1–2) ── detect+embed(batched)→submit
+
+  * DOWNLOADERS are I/O-bound so many overlap well; the autoscaler tunes their
+    count by BUFFER OCCUPANCY — a near-empty buffer means the GPU is starving
+    (add downloaders); a near-full buffer means they outpace the GPU (hold/trim,
+    or add a 2nd consumer if the GPU has headroom).
+  * The BOUNDED BUFFER is backpressure: decoded frames are big, so a full buffer
+    blocks downloaders — capping RAM and how far leases run ahead of the GPU.
+  * CONSUMERS are GPU-bound and fast, so one usually keeps up; a 2nd is added
+    only when the buffer stays full and the GPU has spare util/VRAM.
+  * A HEARTBEAT thread keeps every still-held lease alive (buffered jobs wait for
+    the GPU and would otherwise hit curator's 180s lease TTL and be reclaimed).
+
+Resilience carried over from the slot model: lease exponential backoff (ride out
+a curator redeploy), submit-path retry (client.py — never discard finished GPU
+work on a blip), release-on-stop (hand leases back at once), region caps + video
+early-exit (bound pathological jobs). Stop drains BOTH pools and releases every
+held lease immediately so orphaned work is re-picked without waiting out the TTL.
 """
 import logging
+import queue
 import threading
 import time

@@ -22,7 +42,7 @@ from .config import Config
 from .crops import crop_region

 # Cap on the lease-retry backoff: when curator is unreachable (e.g. you redeploy
-# it while away), each slot retries leasing with exponential backoff up to this
+# it while away), a downloader retries leasing with exponential backoff up to this
 # many seconds, then resumes within this window once the server is back — no
 # restart needed.
 MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS = 60.0
@@ -39,10 +59,13 @@ def _is_transient(exc: requests.RequestException) -> bool:
        return True
    return resp.status_code >= 500 or resp.status_code in (401, 403, 408, 409, 429)

-# Generous cap: the pipeline is usually I/O-bound (downloading + decoding images
-# over HTTP), so the GPU stays underused until many workers overlap that I/O.
-# Push it up while watching the GPU util + VRAM in the UI.
-MAX_CONCURRENCY = 32
+
+# Pipeline sizing. Downloaders are I/O-bound so the ceiling is generous; consumers
+# are GPU-bound so a couple saturate the card. The buffer is small on purpose —
+# each slot can hold many decoded video frames, so it bounds RAM, not just depth.
+DL_MAX = 24              # max downloader threads
+CONSUMER_MAX = 2         # max GPU consumer threads
+BUFFER_MAX = 12          # bounded decoded-frame buffer (backpressure + RAM cap)

 # Fallbacks only — the server ANNOUNCES the embedding model (name + version) in
 # the lease so the agent stays model-agnostic and in lock-step with the space
@@ -50,34 +73,36 @@ MAX_CONCURRENCY = 32
 DEFAULT_EMBED_MODEL = "google/siglip-so400m-patch14-384"
 DEFAULT_EMBED_VERSION = "siglip-so400m-patch14-384"

-# Autoscaler (when Auto is on): a SMOOTHED, throughput-aware climb that SETTLES.
-# Raw GPU util swings wildly (a batched embed pegs it ~99%, then image decode/IO
-# drops it ~0%), so a single reading is meaningless — util is sampled often and
-# EWMA-smoothed. Each decision (spaced ~24s) grows the pool by one only while
-# doing so keeps lifting *throughput* (jobs/s, also smoothed); when a grow stops
-# helping the pool is IO/CPU/curator-bound, so it backs off one and SETTLES,
-# holding there before an occasional re-probe. This finds the worker count that
-# maximises real work — instead of flopping every cycle, or growing forever
-# because util never reaches a fixed threshold on an IO-bound load.
-CONTROL_INTERVAL = 2.0        # util sampling cadence (seconds)
-SAMPLES_PER_DECISION = 12     # decide ~every 24s (12 × 2s) on averaged signals
-UTIL_HI = 92                  # smoothed util above this = saturated → shrink
-UTIL_START = 85               # only begin a climb when smoothed util is below this
-VRAM_HI = 0.88                # shrink above this fraction of VRAM (memory pressure)
-VRAM_GROW_MAX = 0.80          # don't grow past this VRAM
-UTIL_ALPHA = 0.25             # util EWMA weight on the newest sample (smoother)
+# Autoscaler (Auto mode): scale DOWNLOADERS by buffer occupancy — the elegant
+# control signal, since the buffer sits exactly between the two stages. Buffer
+# mostly EMPTY → GPU starving → add downloaders. Buffer mostly FULL → downloaders
+# outpace the GPU → the GPU is the bottleneck: add a 2nd consumer if it has
+# util/VRAM headroom and doing so lifts throughput, else trim a downloader (it's
+# only adding lease pressure). Occupancy + util are EWMA-smoothed (both are noisy
+# tick-to-tick), and decisions are spaced so a move is judged on averaged signals.
+CONTROL_INTERVAL = 2.0        # sampling cadence (seconds)
+SAMPLES_PER_DECISION = 6      # decide ~every 12s on averaged signals
+OCC_ALPHA = 0.3               # buffer-occupancy EWMA weight on the newest sample
+OCC_LOW = 0.25                # below this = buffer starving → add a downloader
+OCC_HIGH = 0.80               # above this = downloaders outpace the GPU
+UTIL_ALPHA = 0.25             # GPU-util EWMA weight
+UTIL_START = 85               # GPU has headroom below this (gate a 2nd consumer)
+VRAM_HI = 0.90                # memory pressure → shed a consumer
+VRAM_GROW_MAX = 0.82          # don't add a consumer past this VRAM
 TPUT_ALPHA = 0.5              # throughput EWMA weight
-TPUT_MARGIN = 0.08            # a grow must lift smoothed jobs/s by this to "help"
-REPROBE_TICKS = 8             # decisions to hold after settling before re-probing
+TPUT_MARGIN = 0.08            # a consumer add must lift smoothed j/s by this to keep
+
+# Keep buffered-but-unprocessed leases alive: they hold curator leases while they
+# wait for the GPU, so heartbeat them well inside curator's 180s lease TTL.
+HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL = 45.0

 # How often to log the per-stage timing breakdown (lease/download/decode/gpu/
-# submit) so the operator can see where a job's wall-clock actually goes — the
-# data that decides whether a download/compute split is worth building.
+# submit) so the operator can see where a job's wall-clock actually goes.
 STATS_INTERVAL = 30.0

 # The queue snapshot exists only to populate the UI's counts, so it's polled
 # lazily — only while a browser is actually watching (a /status hit in the last
-# UI_IDLE_GRACE seconds), and not on a tight loop. The work loop's own lease/
+# UI_IDLE_GRACE seconds), and not on a tight loop. The pipeline's own lease/
 # submit calls are the real "is curator up?" signal; nothing polls just to poll.
 QUEUE_POLL_INTERVAL = 5.0
 UI_IDLE_GRACE = 20.0
@@ -85,58 +110,88 @@ UI_IDLE_GRACE = 20.0
 log = logging.getLogger("fc_agent.worker")


-class _Slot:
-    """One worker loop. `inflight` = jobs leased but not yet processed, so a
-    graceful stop can hand them back."""
-    __slots__ = ("stop", "inflight")
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.stop = threading.Event()
-        self.inflight: list[int] = []
-
-
 class Worker:
    def __init__(self, cfg: Config):
        self.cfg = cfg
        self.client = FcClient(cfg.fc_url, cfg.token, cfg.agent_id)
        self._lock = threading.Lock()
        self._running = False
-        self._target = max(1, min(MAX_CONCURRENCY, cfg.concurrency))
-        self._auto = bool(cfg.auto_scale)      # autoscale worker count
+        self._auto = bool(cfg.auto_scale)      # autoscale the downloader count
+        self._dl_target = max(1, min(DL_MAX, cfg.concurrency))
+        self._consumer_target = 1              # GPU is fast — start with one
+        self._dls: list[tuple[threading.Thread, threading.Event]] = []
+        self._consumers: list[tuple[threading.Thread, threading.Event]] = []
        self._ctrl_stop = threading.Event()
        self._ctrl_thread: threading.Thread | None = None
-        self._slots: list[_Slot] = []
+        # Decoded jobs waiting for the GPU: (job, frames). Bounded = backpressure.
+        self._buffer: queue.Queue = queue.Queue(maxsize=BUFFER_MAX)
+        # Every job leased and not yet terminal (submitted / failed / released) is
+        # "held" — the heartbeat thread keeps these alive, and stop() releases them
+        # all at once. Add on lease, discard on every terminal client call.
+        self._held: set[int] = set()
+        self._held_lock = threading.Lock()
        self.processed = 0
        self.errors = 0
        self.transient = 0        # jobs handed back due to a server outage (NOT
        #                           failed) — the "waiting out curator" counter
-        self._active = 0          # slots currently mid-image
+        self._active = 0          # jobs currently mid-GPU (consumers busy)
        self._util_smooth: float | None = None   # EWMA GPU util (set by control loop)
        # Curator queue snapshot, refreshed by a background poller so the UI
        # /status read is instant — never an inline curator HTTP call (which
        # stalls the whole status view when curator is busy).
        self._queue: dict | None = None
        self._ui_seen = 0.0        # monotonic time of the last UI /status hit
-        self._queue_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._queue_poll_loop, daemon=True)
-        self._queue_thread.start()
+        threading.Thread(target=self._queue_poll_loop, daemon=True).start()
+        threading.Thread(target=self._heartbeat_loop, daemon=True).start()
        # Per-stage timing: stage -> [sum_seconds, count], summarised to the log
        # every STATS_INTERVAL so we can see where wall-clock goes per job.
        self._timing: dict[str, list[float]] = {}
        self._timing_lock = threading.Lock()
-        self._stats_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._stats_loop, daemon=True)
-        self._stats_thread.start()
-        # The crop embedder (SigLIP-family) is built lazily on the first job that
-        # needs it, from the model the server announces — one shared instance.
+        threading.Thread(target=self._stats_loop, daemon=True).start()
+        # The crop embedder (SigLIP-family) and region proposers are built lazily
+        # on the first job that needs them and SHARED across all consumers — one
+        # instance, so a 2nd consumer adds concurrent inference, not N× VRAM.
        self._embedder = None
        self._embedder_lock = threading.Lock()
-        # Region proposers (extra YOLO detectors) — lazily built once, shared.
        self._proposers = None
        self._proposers_lock = threading.Lock()

+    # --- held-lease bookkeeping --------------------------------------------
+    def _hold(self, job_ids) -> None:
+        with self._held_lock:
+            self._held.update(job_ids)
+
+    def _unhold(self, job_id: int) -> None:
+        with self._held_lock:
+            self._held.discard(job_id)
+
+    def _release_owned(self, job_ids: list[int]) -> None:
+        """Hand a set of still-held leases back to curator and drop them from the
+        held set — used when a downloader exits (stop/shrink) still owning leases
+        it hadn't yet buffered."""
+        if not job_ids:
+            return
+        self.client.release(job_ids)
+        for jid in job_ids:
+            self._unhold(jid)
+
+    # --- background loops ---------------------------------------------------
+    def _heartbeat_loop(self) -> None:
+        """Keep every held lease alive so buffered jobs waiting on the GPU aren't
+        reclaimed by curator's 180s TTL. Errors are swallowed by client.heartbeat;
+        a reclaimed lease just re-leases elsewhere — never fatal."""
+        while True:
+            if self._running:
+                with self._held_lock:
+                    ids = list(self._held)
+                if ids:
+                    self.client.heartbeat(ids)
+            time.sleep(HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL)
+
    def _queue_poll_loop(self):
        """Refresh the curator queue snapshot so /status is a pure in-memory read
        — but ONLY while the UI is being watched (a recent /status hit). No
-        browser open → no polling; the work loop is curator's only visitor.
+        browser open → no polling; the pipeline is curator's only visitor.
        Errors just leave the last snapshot (or None) — never blocks the UI."""
        while True:
            if time.monotonic() - self._ui_seen <= UI_IDLE_GRACE:
@@ -167,7 +222,9 @@ class Worker:

    def _stats_loop(self) -> None:
        """Log a per-stage timing breakdown every STATS_INTERVAL (only when there
-        was work), so the operator can see the download/decode/gpu/submit split."""
+        was work), so the operator can see the download/decode/gpu/submit split.
+        In the pipeline these stages run on DIFFERENT threads concurrently, so the
+        figures are per-stage averages, not a single job's serial wall-clock."""
        while True:
            time.sleep(STATS_INTERVAL)
            with self._timing_lock:
@@ -181,20 +238,15 @@ class Worker:
                for st in order if st in snap
            ]
            jobs = (snap.get("gpu") or snap.get("download") or (0, 0))[1]
-            # Per-job wall time across the compute path (lease is per-batch, so
-            # it's shown separately above, not folded into this figure).
-            per_job = sum(
-                snap[st][0] for st in ("download", "decode", "gpu", "submit")
-                if st in snap
-            )
-            pj_ms = 1000 * per_job / jobs if jobs else 0
-            log.info("timing/%ds — %s | wall/job %.0fms (%d jobs)",
-                     int(STATS_INTERVAL), " · ".join(parts), pj_ms, jobs)
+            log.info("timing/%ds — %s (%d jobs)",
+                     int(STATS_INTERVAL), " · ".join(parts), jobs)

    # --- control -----------------------------------------------------------
    def start(self):
        with self._lock:
            self._running = True
+            self._dl_target = max(1, self._dl_target)
+            self._consumer_target = max(1, self._consumer_target)
            self._reconcile_locked()
        # (Re)start the autoscaler control loop.
        if self._ctrl_thread is None or not self._ctrl_thread.is_alive():
@@ -204,58 +256,109 @@ class Worker:

    def stop(self):
        # Flip the flag FIRST (atomic bool), before any lock, so /status and the
-        # worker loops observe "stopped" immediately even if _lock is momentarily
-        # held — the state can never lag behind the click.
+        # loops observe "stopped" immediately even if _lock is momentarily held —
+        # the state can never lag behind the click.
        self._running = False
        self._ctrl_stop.set()
        with self._lock:
-            slots, self._slots = self._slots, []
-            self._active = 0      # no slots left → the meter reads 0 at once; any
-            #                       lagging decrement is clamped (see _bump)
-        for s in slots:
-            s.stop.set()          # each slot releases its inflight on exit
+            dls, self._dls = self._dls, []
+            cons, self._consumers = self._consumers, []
+            self._active = 0      # no consumers left → the meter reads 0 at once;
+            #                       any lagging decrement is clamped (see _bump)
+        for _, ev in dls:
+            ev.set()
+        for _, ev in cons:
+            ev.set()
+        # Wake any consumer blocked on an empty buffer.
+        for _ in range(CONSUMER_MAX):
+            try:
+                self._buffer.put_nowait(None)
+            except queue.Full:
+                break
+        # Drain the buffer + release every still-held lease in one shot so orphaned
+        # work is re-leased at once. A downloader/consumer mid-flight may also
+        # release its own job — a duplicate release is a harmless no-op.
+        self._drain_and_release()
+
+    def _drain_and_release(self) -> None:
+        while True:
+            try:
+                self._buffer.get_nowait()
+            except queue.Empty:
+                break
+        with self._held_lock:
+            ids = list(self._held)
+            self._held.clear()
+        if ids:
+            self.client.release(ids)

    def set_auto(self, on: bool):
        with self._lock:
            self._auto = bool(on)

    def set_concurrency(self, n: int):
-        # A manual set is an override → leave Auto.
+        # The UI dial tunes the DOWNLOADER count. A manual set is an override →
+        # leave Auto so the autoscaler stops fighting the operator.
        with self._lock:
            self._auto = False
-            self._target = max(1, min(MAX_CONCURRENCY, int(n)))
+            self._dl_target = max(1, min(DL_MAX, int(n)))
            if self._running:
                self._reconcile_locked()

-    def _apply_step(self, delta: int) -> bool:
-        """Nudge the target by delta (bounded). Returns True if it changed."""
+    def _apply_downloaders(self, delta: int) -> bool:
        with self._lock:
-            new = max(1, min(MAX_CONCURRENCY, self._target + delta))
-            if new == self._target:
+            new = max(1, min(DL_MAX, self._dl_target + delta))
+            if new == self._dl_target:
                return False
-            self._target = new
+            self._dl_target = new
+            if self._running:
+                self._reconcile_locked()
+            return True
+
+    def _apply_consumers(self, delta: int) -> bool:
+        with self._lock:
+            new = max(1, min(CONSUMER_MAX, self._consumer_target + delta))
+            if new == self._consumer_target:
+                return False
+            self._consumer_target = new
            if self._running:
                self._reconcile_locked()
            return True

    def _reconcile_locked(self):
-        while len(self._slots) < self._target:
-            slot = _Slot()
-            self._slots.append(slot)
-            threading.Thread(target=self._loop, args=(slot,), daemon=True).start()
-        while len(self._slots) > self._target:
-            self._slots.pop().stop.set()
+        """Bring both thread pools to their target counts. New threads start; a
+        shrink sets a thread's stop event (it exits after its current iteration,
+        releasing any lease it still owns)."""
+        while len(self._dls) < self._dl_target:
+            ev = threading.Event()
+            th = threading.Thread(target=self._downloader, args=(ev,), daemon=True)
+            self._dls.append((th, ev))
+            th.start()
+        while len(self._dls) > self._dl_target:
+            _, ev = self._dls.pop()
+            ev.set()
+        while len(self._consumers) < self._consumer_target:
+            ev = threading.Event()
+            th = threading.Thread(target=self._consumer, args=(ev,), daemon=True)
+            self._consumers.append((th, ev))
+            th.start()
+        while len(self._consumers) > self._consumer_target:
+            _, ev = self._consumers.pop()
+            ev.set()

    def status(self) -> dict:
-        # Lock-free on purpose: these are plain int / bool reads (atomic under the
-        # GIL) and this backs the UI poll — it must NEVER be able to block behind
-        # a worker holding _lock, or the whole status view freezes.
+        # Lock-free on purpose: these are plain int / bool / len reads (atomic
+        # under the GIL) and this backs the UI poll — it must NEVER be able to
+        # block behind a thread holding _lock, or the whole status view freezes.
        return {
            "state": "running" if self._running else "stopped",
-            "concurrency": self._target,
-            "max_concurrency": MAX_CONCURRENCY,
+            "concurrency": self._dl_target,        # the UI dial = downloader count
+            "max_concurrency": DL_MAX,
            "auto": self._auto,
-            "workers": len(self._slots),
+            "downloaders": len(self._dls),
+            "consumers": len(self._consumers),
+            "buffer": self._buffer.qsize(),
+            "buffer_max": BUFFER_MAX,
            "active": self._active,
            "processed": self.processed,
            "errors": self.errors,
@@ -267,14 +370,18 @@ class Worker:
            self.processed += processed
            self.errors += errors
            self.transient += transient
-            # Clamp at 0: a Stop resets _active to 0, so a slot that was mid-image
-            # decrements afterwards — that must not drive the meter negative.
+            # Clamp at 0: a Stop resets _active to 0, so a consumer that was
+            # mid-image decrements afterwards — that must not go negative.
            self._active = max(0, self._active + active)

-    # --- per-slot loop -----------------------------------------------------
-    def _loop(self, slot: _Slot):
+    # --- downloader pool ---------------------------------------------------
+    def _downloader(self, stop_evt: threading.Event):
+        """Lease a batch, download + decode each job, and hand it to the GPU
+        consumers via the bounded buffer. Owns its leases until they're buffered;
+        on any exit path it releases whatever it still owns so nothing is stranded
+        holding a lease."""
        backoff = self.cfg.poll_idle_seconds
-        while not slot.stop.is_set() and self._running:
+        while self._running and not stop_evt.is_set():
            try:
                _t = time.monotonic()
                jobs = self.client.lease(self.cfg.batch_size)
@@ -283,132 +390,108 @@ class Worker:
            except Exception:
                # curator unreachable (redeploy, network drop): wait it out with
                # exponential backoff, capped — resume on our own when it returns.
-                self._interruptible_sleep(slot, backoff)
+                if stop_evt.wait(backoff):
+                    break
                backoff = min(backoff * 2, MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS)
                continue
            if not jobs:
-                self._interruptible_sleep(slot, self.cfg.poll_idle_seconds)
+                if stop_evt.wait(self.cfg.poll_idle_seconds):
+                    break
                continue
-            slot.inflight = [j["job_id"] for j in jobs]
+            self._hold(j["job_id"] for j in jobs)
+            owned = [j["job_id"] for j in jobs]   # released on any early exit
            for job in jobs:
-                if slot.stop.is_set() or not self._running:
+                jid = job["job_id"]
+                if not self._running or stop_evt.is_set():
                    break
-                ok = self._process(job, slot)
-                slot.inflight = [i for i in slot.inflight if i != job["job_id"]]
-                if not ok:
-                    # Server went away mid-batch: hand the rest back (best effort)
-                    # and back off instead of hammering a recovering server or
-                    # burning the jobs' attempt budgets on fail().
-                    if slot.inflight:
-                        self.client.release(slot.inflight)
-                        slot.inflight = []
-                    self._interruptible_sleep(slot, backoff)
-                    backoff = min(backoff * 2, MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS)
-                    break
-                if slot.inflight:
-                    self.client.heartbeat(slot.inflight)
-        # Graceful hand-back of anything leased but not processed.
-        if slot.inflight:
-            self.client.release(slot.inflight)
-            slot.inflight = []
+                try:
+                    frames = self._download_decode(job)
+                except requests.RequestException as exc:
+                    owned.remove(jid)
+                    if _is_transient(exc):
+                        # curator down/redeploying or our lease was reclaimed —
+                        # NOT the job's fault. Hand back this job + the rest of the
+                        # batch and back the whole loop off.
+                        self._bump(transient=1)
+                        self.client.release([jid])
+                        self._unhold(jid)
+                        log.info("curator unreachable — released job %s, backing off", jid)
+                        self._release_owned(owned)
+                        owned = []
+                        if not stop_evt.wait(backoff):
+                            backoff = min(backoff * 2, MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS)
+                        break
+                    # a job-specific HTTP fault (404 image gone, 400) → fail it
+                    self._bump(errors=1)
+                    log.warning("job %s (image %s) failed: %s",
+                                jid, job.get("image_id"), str(exc)[:200])
+                    self.client.fail(jid, str(exc)[:500])
+                    self._unhold(jid)
+                    continue
+                except Exception as exc:   # noqa: BLE001 — bad media → the job's fault
+                    owned.remove(jid)
+                    self._bump(errors=1)
+                    log.warning("job %s (image %s) failed to decode: %s",
+                                jid, job.get("image_id"), str(exc)[:200])
+                    self.client.fail(jid, str(exc)[:500])
+                    self._unhold(jid)
+                    continue
+                # Blocks on a full buffer (backpressure) but wakes promptly on stop.
+                if self._put((job, frames), stop_evt):
+                    owned.remove(jid)      # ownership handed to the buffer/consumer
+                else:
+                    break                  # stopped while waiting for buffer space
+            self._release_owned(owned)

-    def _interruptible_sleep(self, slot: _Slot, seconds: float):
-        """Sleep, but wake immediately if the slot is told to stop — so a Stop or
-        a pool-shrink doesn't hang for a full backoff window."""
-        slot.stop.wait(timeout=seconds)
-
-    # --- autoscaler --------------------------------------------------------
-    def _control_loop(self):
-        """Smoothed, throughput-aware climb that settles (Auto mode). Samples GPU
-        util often and EWMA-smooths it (raw util swings 0↔99 between a batched
-        embed and the IO/decode around it, so one reading is noise). Every
-        SAMPLES_PER_DECISION ticks it makes ONE move: grow by one while each grow
-        keeps lifting smoothed throughput; when a grow stops helping (IO/CPU/
-        curator-bound) back off one and SETTLE, holding before an occasional
-        re-probe. Memory pressure and saturation always shrink immediately."""
-        from . import gpu as gpumod
-
-        util_ewma: float | None = None
-        tput_ewma: float | None = None
-        prev_p, prev_t = self.processed, time.monotonic()
-        tick = 0
-        settled = False
-        grew_last = False        # did the previous decision grow the pool?
-        tput_before = 0.0        # smoothed jobs/s at the count before that grow
-        hold = 0                 # decisions left to hold while settled
-        while not self._ctrl_stop.wait(CONTROL_INTERVAL):
-            if not (self._running and self._auto):
-                util_ewma = tput_ewma = None
-                prev_p, prev_t = self.processed, time.monotonic()
-                tick = 0
-                settled = grew_last = False
-                hold = 0
-                self._util_smooth = None
+    def _put(self, item, stop_evt: threading.Event) -> bool:
+        """Push onto the bounded buffer, blocking while it's full but rechecking
+        stop so a shrink/Stop can't hang a full-buffer window. False = stopped."""
+        while self._running and not stop_evt.is_set():
+            try:
+                self._buffer.put(item, timeout=0.5)
+                return True
+            except queue.Full:
                continue
+        return False

-            g = gpumod.read_gpu() or {}
-            mt = g.get("mem_total_mb") or 0
-            vram = (g.get("mem_used_mb", 0) / mt) if mt else 0.0
-            util = g.get("util_pct", 0) or 0
-            util_ewma = util if util_ewma is None else (
-                UTIL_ALPHA * util + (1 - UTIL_ALPHA) * util_ewma
-            )
-            self._util_smooth = util_ewma
+    def _download_decode(self, job: dict):
+        """Fetch the image bytes and decode → [(frame_time, PIL.Image)]. Videos
+        are sampled into frames (ffmpeg). Records the download + decode timings."""
+        _t = time.monotonic()
+        data = self.client.fetch_image(job["image_url"])
+        self._record("download", time.monotonic() - _t)
+        _t = time.monotonic()
+        if media.is_video(job.get("mime", "")):
+            frames = media.sample_frames(
+                data, job.get("frame_interval_seconds", 4.0),
+                job.get("max_frames", 64),
+            ) or [(None, media.load_image(data))]
+        else:
+            frames = [(None, media.load_image(data))]
+        self._record("decode", time.monotonic() - _t)
+        return frames

-            # Memory pressure overrides the cadence — react immediately.
-            if vram >= VRAM_HI:
-                if self._apply_step(-1):
-                    log.info("autoscale: -1 → %d workers (vram %d%% — memory pressure)",
-                             self._target, round(vram * 100))
-                tick, settled, grew_last, hold = 0, True, False, REPROBE_TICKS
+    # --- GPU consumer pool -------------------------------------------------
+    def _consumer(self, stop_evt: threading.Event):
+        """Pull decoded jobs off the buffer and run detect + embed + submit."""
+        while self._running and not stop_evt.is_set():
+            try:
+                item = self._buffer.get(timeout=1.0)
+            except queue.Empty:
                continue
-
-            tick += 1
-            if tick < SAMPLES_PER_DECISION:
+            if item is None:                 # stop sentinel
                continue
-            tick = 0
-
-            now = time.monotonic()
-            inst = (self.processed - prev_p) / max(1e-3, now - prev_t)
-            prev_p, prev_t = self.processed, now
-            tput_ewma = inst if tput_ewma is None else (
-                TPUT_ALPHA * inst + (1 - TPUT_ALPHA) * tput_ewma
-            )
-
-            t0 = self._target
-            if util_ewma > UTIL_HI:                       # saturated → ease off
-                self._apply_step(-1)
-                settled, grew_last, hold = True, False, REPROBE_TICKS
-            elif settled:
-                hold -= 1
-                if hold <= 0:                             # re-probe: try one grow
-                    if util_ewma < UTIL_START and vram < VRAM_GROW_MAX:
-                        tput_before = tput_ewma
-                        grew_last = self._apply_step(+1)
-                        settled = not grew_last
-                    else:
-                        hold = REPROBE_TICKS              # still no room → keep holding
-            elif grew_last:
-                if tput_ewma > tput_before * (1 + TPUT_MARGIN):   # the grow helped
-                    tput_before = tput_ewma
-                    if util_ewma < UTIL_START and vram < VRAM_GROW_MAX:
-                        grew_last = self._apply_step(+1)
-                        settled = not grew_last
-                    else:
-                        settled, grew_last, hold = True, False, REPROBE_TICKS
-                else:                                     # overshot → back off + settle
-                    self._apply_step(-1)
-                    settled, grew_last, hold = True, False, REPROBE_TICKS
-            elif util_ewma < UTIL_START and vram < VRAM_GROW_MAX:  # start a climb
-                tput_before = tput_ewma
-                grew_last = self._apply_step(+1)
-                settled = not grew_last
-            else:
-                settled, hold = True, REPROBE_TICKS       # nothing to do → settle
-
-            if self._target != t0:
-                log.info("autoscale: %d→%d workers (util~%d%% · %.2f j/s · vram %d%%)",
-                         t0, self._target, round(util_ewma), tput_ewma, round(vram * 100))
+            job, frames = item
+            if not self._running or stop_evt.is_set():
+                self.client.release([job["job_id"]])
+                self._unhold(job["job_id"])
+                continue
+            self._bump(active=1)
+            try:
+                if self._consume(job, frames, stop_evt):
+                    self._bump(processed=1)
+            finally:
+                self._bump(active=-1)

    def _ensure_embedder(self, model_name: str):
        if self._embedder is not None:
@@ -428,34 +511,18 @@ class Worker:
                self._proposers = Proposers(self.cfg)
        return self._proposers

-    def _process(self, job: dict, slot: _Slot) -> bool:
-        """Process one job. Returns True when handled (completed, or hard-failed
-        because the job itself is bad) and False on a TRANSPORT error (curator
-        unreachable / 5xx / our lease was reclaimed mid-flight) — which is not
-        the job's fault, so the caller backs off and the job is left to be
-        re-leased rather than fail()ed into its attempt budget."""
-        self._bump(active=1)
+    def _consume(self, job: dict, frames: list, stop_evt: threading.Event) -> bool:
+        """Detect + embed the decoded frames and submit the result. Returns True
+        when the job was completed (→ count it processed), False otherwise: a
+        transient transport fault releases the job (counted 'waited out'); a
+        job-specific fault fails it (counted an error); a stop mid-flight releases
+        it so a Stop drains promptly instead of finishing heavy GPU work."""
+        jid = job["job_id"]
        try:
-            _t = time.monotonic()
-            data = self.client.fetch_image(job["image_url"])
-            self._record("download", time.monotonic() - _t)
-
-            _t = time.monotonic()
-            if media.is_video(job.get("mime", "")):
-                frames = media.sample_frames(
-                    data, job.get("frame_interval_seconds", 4.0),
-                    job.get("max_frames", 64),
-                ) or [(None, media.load_image(data))]
-            else:
-                frames = [(None, media.load_image(data))]
-            self._record("decode", time.monotonic() - _t)
-
-            # Stop/shrink checkpoint: bail BEFORE the expensive detect+embed so a
-            # Stop finishes promptly instead of waiting out heavy GPU work. Hand
-            # the job back to pending for another agent.
-            if not self._running or slot.stop.is_set():
-                self.client.release([job["job_id"]])
-                return True
+            if not self._running or stop_evt.is_set():
+                self.client.release([jid])
+                self._unhold(jid)
+                return False

            task = job.get("task") or "ccip"
            embed_version = job.get("embed_version") or DEFAULT_EMBED_VERSION
@@ -479,10 +546,14 @@ class Worker:
                else:
                    vec = vecs[0]
                self._record("gpu", time.monotonic() - _t)
+                if not self._running or stop_evt.is_set():
+                    self.client.release([jid])
+                    self._unhold(jid)
+                    return False
                _t = time.monotonic()
-                self.client.submit_embedding(job["job_id"], vec, embed_version)
+                self.client.submit_embedding(jid, vec, embed_version)
                self._record("submit", time.monotonic() - _t)
-                self._bump(processed=1)
+                self._unhold(jid)
                return True

            # task picks what to produce per crop:
@@ -506,6 +577,10 @@ class Worker:

            _t_gpu = time.monotonic()   # detect + CCIP + batched embed = "gpu"
            for t, frame in frames:
+                # Bail promptly on Stop instead of grinding through every frame of
+                # a long video before the caller can hand the job back.
+                if not self._running or stop_evt.is_set():
+                    break
                # FIGURE boxes: imgutils detect_person ∪ general COCO person,
                # NMS-merged → CCIP identity (+ a concept crop). Covers anime +
                # Western/realistic figures.
@@ -566,6 +641,14 @@ class Worker:
                if len(regions) >= self.cfg.max_regions:
                    break
            self._record("gpu", time.monotonic() - _t_gpu)
+
+            # A Stop mid-frame-loop leaves partial regions — don't submit those;
+            # hand the whole job back so another agent redoes it cleanly.
+            if not self._running or stop_evt.is_set():
+                self.client.release([jid])
+                self._unhold(jid)
+                return False
+
            # Backstop: never submit an unbounded pile of regions (a pathological
            # image / long video). Keep the highest-scoring max_regions so the
            # POST body stays sane — curator rejects an oversized one with 413
@@ -575,36 +658,127 @@ class Worker:
                dropped = len(regions) - self.cfg.max_regions
                regions = regions[: self.cfg.max_regions]
                log.info("job %s: capped regions %d→%d (dropped %d)",
-                         job.get("job_id"), len(regions) + dropped,
-                         len(regions), dropped)
+                         jid, len(regions) + dropped, len(regions), dropped)
            _t = time.monotonic()
-            self.client.submit(job["job_id"], regions, replace_kinds)
+            self.client.submit(jid, regions, replace_kinds)
            self._record("submit", time.monotonic() - _t)
-            self._bump(processed=1)
+            self._unhold(jid)
            return True
        except requests.RequestException as exc:
            if _is_transient(exc):
                # curator down/redeploying, a 5xx, or our lease was reclaimed
                # while we worked. NOT the job's fault — hand it back (best
-                # effort; no-ops if the server is still down, then the server's
-                # orphan-recovery reclaims it) and signal the loop to wait.
+                # effort; then the server's orphan-recovery reclaims it if down).
                self._bump(transient=1)
-                log.info("curator unreachable — released job %s, backing off",
-                         job.get("job_id"))
-                self.client.release([job["job_id"]])
+                log.info("curator unreachable — released job %s (post-GPU)", jid)
+                self.client.release([jid])
+                self._unhold(jid)
                return False
-            # A job-specific HTTP fault (404 image gone, 400) → fail it so it
-            # doesn't re-lease forever.
            self._bump(errors=1)
            log.warning("job %s (image %s) failed: %s",
-                        job.get("job_id"), job.get("image_id"), str(exc)[:200])
-            self.client.fail(job["job_id"], str(exc)[:500])
-            return True
+                        jid, job.get("image_id"), str(exc)[:200])
+            self.client.fail(jid, str(exc)[:500])
+            self._unhold(jid)
+            return False
        except Exception as exc:   # noqa: BLE001 — a genuine job fault: report it
            self._bump(errors=1)
            log.warning("job %s (image %s) failed: %s",
-                        job.get("job_id"), job.get("image_id"), str(exc)[:200])
-            self.client.fail(job["job_id"], str(exc)[:500])
-            return True
-        finally:
-            self._bump(active=-1)
+                        jid, job.get("image_id"), str(exc)[:200])
+            self.client.fail(jid, str(exc)[:500])
+            self._unhold(jid)
+            return False
+
+    # --- autoscaler --------------------------------------------------------
+    def _control_loop(self):
+        """Scale DOWNLOADERS by buffer occupancy (Auto mode). The buffer sits
+        between the two stages, so its fill level is the direct signal: empty =
+        the GPU is starving (add downloaders); full = downloaders outpace the GPU
+        (the GPU is the bottleneck → add a 2nd consumer if it has headroom and the
+        add lifts throughput, else trim a downloader). Occupancy, util and
+        throughput are EWMA-smoothed and decisions spaced so moves ride averaged
+        signals, not tick-to-tick noise. VRAM pressure sheds a consumer at once."""
+        from . import gpu as gpumod
+
+        occ_ewma: float | None = None
+        util_ewma: float | None = None
+        tput_ewma: float | None = None
+        prev_p, prev_t = self.processed, time.monotonic()
+        tick = 0
+        con_grew = False         # did the previous decision add a consumer?
+        tput_before = 0.0        # smoothed jobs/s before that consumer add
+        while not self._ctrl_stop.wait(CONTROL_INTERVAL):
+            if not (self._running and self._auto):
+                occ_ewma = util_ewma = tput_ewma = None
+                prev_p, prev_t = self.processed, time.monotonic()
+                tick = 0
+                con_grew = False
+                self._util_smooth = None
+                continue
+
+            occ = self._buffer.qsize() / BUFFER_MAX
+            occ_ewma = occ if occ_ewma is None else (
+                OCC_ALPHA * occ + (1 - OCC_ALPHA) * occ_ewma
+            )
+            g = gpumod.read_gpu() or {}
+            mt = g.get("mem_total_mb") or 0
+            vram = (g.get("mem_used_mb", 0) / mt) if mt else 0.0
+            util = g.get("util_pct", 0) or 0
+            util_ewma = util if util_ewma is None else (
+                UTIL_ALPHA * util + (1 - UTIL_ALPHA) * util_ewma
+            )
+            self._util_smooth = util_ewma
+
+            # Memory pressure overrides the cadence — react immediately.
+            if vram >= VRAM_HI and self._consumer_target > 1:
+                if self._apply_consumers(-1):
+                    log.info("autoscale: consumers→%d (vram %d%% — memory pressure)",
+                             self._consumer_target, round(vram * 100))
+                tick = 0
+                con_grew = False
+                continue
+
+            tick += 1
+            if tick < SAMPLES_PER_DECISION:
+                continue
+            tick = 0
+
+            now = time.monotonic()
+            inst = (self.processed - prev_p) / max(1e-3, now - prev_t)
+            prev_p, prev_t = self.processed, now
+            tput_ewma = inst if tput_ewma is None else (
+                TPUT_ALPHA * inst + (1 - TPUT_ALPHA) * tput_ewma
+            )
+
+            d0, c0 = self._dl_target, self._consumer_target
+            if occ_ewma < OCC_LOW:
+                # Buffer starving → GPU idle waiting on downloads → add a feeder.
+                self._apply_downloaders(+1)
+                con_grew = False
+            elif occ_ewma > OCC_HIGH:
+                # Downloaders outpace the GPU. Prefer helping the GPU (add a 2nd
+                # consumer) when it has util + VRAM headroom and the last add
+                # actually paid off; otherwise trim a downloader.
+                if con_grew:
+                    if tput_ewma > tput_before * (1 + TPUT_MARGIN):
+                        con_grew = False          # it helped → keep it, stop probing
+                    else:
+                        self._apply_consumers(-1)  # no gain → revert
+                        con_grew = False
+                elif (self._consumer_target < CONSUMER_MAX
+                      and util_ewma < UTIL_START and vram < VRAM_GROW_MAX):
+                    tput_before = tput_ewma
+                    con_grew = self._apply_consumers(+1)
+                    if not con_grew:               # already maxed → trim a feeder
+                        self._apply_downloaders(-1)
+                else:
+                    self._apply_downloaders(-1)
+            else:
+                con_grew = False                   # balanced → settle
+
+            if self._dl_target != d0 or self._consumer_target != c0:
+                log.info(
+                    "autoscale: dl %d→%d · consumers %d→%d "
+                    "(buf %d%% · util~%d%% · %.2f j/s · vram %d%%)",
+                    d0, self._dl_target, c0, self._consumer_target,
+                    round(occ_ewma * 100), round(util_ewma), tput_ewma,
+                    round(vram * 100))