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Operator: *"registration should be open only for the first user and they get granted admin privileges. then registration is closed."* The old shape had a window in it. The first account was always allowed and became admin; every account after that was gated by `allow_registration` — which defaulted to ON. So the door stayed open between "my account exists" and "I remembered to turn it off in Settings", and on a public host that gap is the entire exposure: it starts the moment DNS resolves and lasts until someone remembers. Now the door shuts as a CONSEQUENCE of the admin account existing, in the same transaction that creates it. Not "defaults closed" — that would still need the first person to get in somehow. There is no window to remember, because there is no window. Re-opening it is a deliberate act in Settings → Access: turn it on, have the person register, turn it off. Crude, and it is the only mechanism there is — **there is no invite system**, not even a stub. That is real work (a token table, admin create/revoke, a redemption flow, expiry) and is filed as later work rather than smuggled into a release. An integration test covers it, because it is the interaction between two writes in one transaction: first register → 201 and `is_admin: true`; the setting is then false; a second register → 403; re-open deliberately and a third → 201, not admin. **This does not retroactively close an instance that already has users.** The close fires on first-account creation, so a server whose admin predates this keeps whatever the setting was — which was on. `docs/public-hosting.md` now says so explicitly, and step 1 of the checklist is "check" rather than "do" for exactly that reason.