feat(android): any UPnP/DLNA renderer plays, not only a Sonos (#6451)

Discovery already listed every MediaRenderer on the LAN, but playback only
spoke the Sonos native queue (AddURIToQueue, x-rincon-queue, Seek TRACK_NR,
Next/Previous), which a generic renderer faults on, so picking one fell
straight back to the phone.

A renderer that isn't a Sonos is now fed one track at a time by
SingleTrackLoader: SetAVTransportURI + Play for the current track, and
SetNextAVTransportURI for the one after it so the renderer moves on by
itself without a gap. A renderer without SetNext is advanced by the app
when the poll sees it stop (or report NO_MEDIA_PRESENT) at the end of a
track; a stop partway is still the stall watchdog's.

ActiveUpnp carries the queue mode, picked from the route at select. Skip,
previous and queue taps point a one-track renderer at the cursor's track,
the poll takes the queue position from the loader instead of the
renderer's Track=1, queue changes keep the playing track and re-arm the
next, and adopting a running session matches by track id. Sonos keeps its
native queue unchanged.

DIDL-Lite drops the Rincon metadata for non-Sonos renderers and declares
DLNA.ORG_OP=01 so renderers that need it will seek.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

android/app/src/main/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/MinstrelForwardingPlayer.kt

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ import com.fabledsword.minstrel.connectivity.NetworkStatusController
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.connectivity.ServerHealth
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.ActiveUpnp
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.ActiveUpnpHolder
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.QueueMode
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.SingleTrackLoader
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.streamUriTrackId
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.PositionInfo
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.SoapFaultException
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.TransportInfo
@@ -57,14 +60,21 @@ import timber.log.Timber
  * wraps that callback into a SharedFlow consumed by the NowPlaying
  * surface as a snackbar.
  *
- * Queue mode: OutputPickerController loads the full queue into Sonos's
+ * Queue mode ([ActiveUpnp.queueMode]):
- * native queue via ClearQueue + AddURIToQueue, then points the
+ *  - NATIVE_QUEUE (Sonos): OutputPickerController loads the full queue
- * transport at x-rincon-queue:<udn>#0. Skip/prev/seekTo delegate to
+ *    into Sonos's native queue via ClearQueue + AddURIToQueue, then points
- * AVTransport Next/Previous/SeekToTrack so Sonos manages gap-free
+ *    the transport at x-rincon-queue:<udn>#0. Skip/prev/seekTo delegate to
- * advance natively. PollLoop keeps the local cursor aligned to the
+ *    AVTransport Next/Previous/SeekToTrack so Sonos manages gap-free
- * track the renderer is actually playing, matched by track identity
+ *    advance natively.
- * (the id in GetPositionInfo's TrackURI) so it survives queue-reload
+ *  - SINGLE_TRACK (any other UPnP / DLNA renderer): the renderer holds one
- * index drift -- see [syncLocalCursorToRemote].
+ *    track. Skip/prev/seekTo point it at the track the local cursor moved
+ *    to, and each poll lets [SingleTrackLoader] follow or drive the advance
+ *    to the next track and supply the queue position the renderer cannot.
+ *
+ * PollLoop keeps the local cursor aligned to the track the renderer is
+ * actually playing, matched by track identity (the id in
+ * GetPositionInfo's TrackURI) so it survives queue-reload index drift --
+ * see [syncLocalCursorToRemote].
  */
 class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
     private val delegate: Player,
@@ -72,6 +82,7 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
     private val remoteState: RemotePlayerState,
     private val castNetworkLock: CastNetworkLock,
     private val networkStatus: NetworkStatusController,
+    private val singleTrack: SingleTrackLoader,
     private val events: RemoteEvents = RemoteEvents(),
 ) : ForwardingPlayer(delegate) {
 
@@ -319,18 +330,14 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
             return
         }
         super.seekTo(mediaItemIndex, positionMs)
-        remoteState.beginPendingTransport(
+        when (active.queueMode) {
-            SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + PENDING_TRANSPORT_SAFETY_TIMEOUT_MS,
+            QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK -> playSingleTrackAt(active, mediaItemIndex, positionMs)
-        )
+            QueueMode.NATIVE_QUEUE -> sendNativeQueueCommand(active) {
-        scope.launch {
+                active.avTransport.seekToTrack(mediaItemIndex + 1)
-            runCatching {
+                if (positionMs > 0L) {
-                retryTransport {
+                    active.avTransport.seek(positionMs)
-                    active.avTransport.seekToTrack(mediaItemIndex + 1)
-                    if (positionMs > 0L) {
-                        active.avTransport.seek(positionMs)
-                    }
                 }
-            }.onFailure { handleTransportFailure(active, it) }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -349,12 +356,9 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
         // then delegate to Sonos Next. PollLoop reconciles cursor via
         // Track index if they diverge.
         super.seekToNextMediaItem()
-        remoteState.beginPendingTransport(
+        when (active.queueMode) {
-            SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + PENDING_TRANSPORT_SAFETY_TIMEOUT_MS,
+            QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK -> playSingleTrackAt(active, delegate.currentMediaItemIndex)
-        )
+            QueueMode.NATIVE_QUEUE -> sendNativeQueueCommand(active) { active.avTransport.next() }
-        scope.launch {
-            runCatching { retryTransport { active.avTransport.next() } }
-                .onFailure { handleTransportFailure(active, it) }
         }
     }
 
@@ -372,11 +376,56 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
         // Super first for immediate local cursor advance (UI feedback);
         // then delegate to Sonos Previous. PollLoop reconciles.
         super.seekToPreviousMediaItem()
+        when (active.queueMode) {
+            QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK -> playSingleTrackAt(active, delegate.currentMediaItemIndex)
+            QueueMode.NATIVE_QUEUE -> sendNativeQueueCommand(active) { active.avTransport.previous() }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send a track change to a Sonos native queue. The local cursor has
+     * already moved; the pending window holds the poll's cursor sync off
+     * until Sonos reports the new track, so it can't undo the press.
+     */
+    private fun sendNativeQueueCommand(active: ActiveUpnp, command: suspend () -> Unit) {
         remoteState.beginPendingTransport(
             SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + PENDING_TRANSPORT_SAFETY_TIMEOUT_MS,
         )
         scope.launch {
-            runCatching { retryTransport { active.avTransport.previous() } }
+            runCatching { retryTransport { command() } }
+                .onFailure { handleTransportFailure(active, it) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Point a one-track renderer at [index] of the queue, the track the local
+     * cursor was just moved to. The same track as the renderer's is a seek
+     * within it, so next on the last track (the cursor cannot move) sends
+     * nothing rather than restarting the track. The seek after a new track is
+     * best-effort: a renderer still loading the URI may refuse it, and the
+     * track playing from the start beats it not playing.
+     */
+    private fun playSingleTrackAt(active: ActiveUpnp, index: Int, positionMs: Long = 0L) {
+        if (index == singleTrack.currentIndex) {
+            if (positionMs > 0L) seekTo(positionMs)
+        } else {
+            startSingleTrack(active, index, positionMs)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun startSingleTrack(active: ActiveUpnp, index: Int, positionMs: Long) {
+        remoteState.beginPendingTransport(
+            SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + PENDING_TRANSPORT_SAFETY_TIMEOUT_MS,
+        )
+        scope.launch {
+            runCatching { retryTransport { singleTrack.playIndex(active.avTransport, index) } }
+                .onSuccess {
+                    if (positionMs > 0L) {
+                        runCatching { active.avTransport.seek(positionMs) }
+                            .onFailure { Timber.w(it, "UPnP seek after track change refused") }
+                    }
+                    pollTrigger.trySend(Unit)
+                }
                 .onFailure { handleTransportFailure(active, it) }
         }
     }
@@ -611,6 +660,14 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
      */
     private suspend fun pollOnce(active: ActiveUpnp) {
         val info = active.avTransport.getPositionInfo()
+        val transport = active.avTransport.getTransportInfo()
+        val single = pollSingleTrack(active, info, transport)
+        // The loader just started the next track, so this reading describes
+        // the one that ended. Report the new track from its start and leave
+        // the cursor to the new index; the next poll reads it for real.
+        val advanced = single?.advanced == true
+        val rendererTrack = single?.trackNumber ?: info.track
+        val trackUri = if (advanced) "" else info.trackUri
         val now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
         val inSeekAckWindow = lastSeekIssuedAtMs > 0L &&
             (now - lastSeekIssuedAtMs) < SEEK_ACK_WINDOW_MS
@@ -618,15 +675,52 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
         // seekTo -- the poll's reported position is stale until Sonos finishes
         // processing the Seek SOAP. Other fields still refresh from the poll.
         remoteState.applyPositionInfo(
-            positionMs = if (inSeekAckWindow) remoteState.positionMs else info.relTimeMs,
+            positionMs = when {
-            durationMs = info.trackDurationMs,
+                advanced -> 0L
-            trackUri = info.trackUri,
+                inSeekAckWindow -> remoteState.positionMs
-            trackNumber = info.track,
+                else -> info.relTimeMs
+            },
+            durationMs = durationFor(info, single),
+            trackUri = trackUri,
+            trackNumber = rendererTrack,
         )
-        syncLocalCursorToRemote(sonosTrack = info.track, trackUri = info.trackUri)
+        syncLocalCursorToRemote(sonosTrack = rendererTrack, trackUri = trackUri)
-        events.onRendererTrack(info.track)
+        if (single == null) events.onRendererTrack(info.track)
-        val transport = active.avTransport.getTransportInfo()
+        if (advanced) {
-        when (transport.state) {
+            applyTransportState(TransportState.PLAYING)
+        } else {
+            applyTransportState(transport.state)
+            observeTransport(transport, info)
+            checkForStall(active, info.trackUri, transport)
+        }
+        notifyRemoteStateChanged()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A one-track renderer reports Track=1 whatever it plays; the loader
+     * knows the queue position, and may start the next track from here.
+     * Null for a Sonos, whose native queue answers for itself.
+     */
+    private suspend fun pollSingleTrack(
+        active: ActiveUpnp,
+        info: PositionInfo,
+        transport: TransportInfo,
+    ): SingleTrackLoader.PollOutcome? =
+        if (active.queueMode == QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK) {
+            singleTrack.onPoll(
+                transport = active.avTransport,
+                trackUri = info.trackUri,
+                state = transport.state,
+                positionMs = info.relTimeMs,
+                durationMs = info.trackDurationMs,
+                playIntent = remoteState.lastPlayIntent,
+            )
+        } else {
+            null
+        }
+
+    private fun applyTransportState(state: TransportState) {
+        when (state) {
             TransportState.PLAYING -> {
                 nonPlayingPollStreak = 0
                 remoteState.applyTransportPlaying()
@@ -643,13 +737,18 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
                     remoteState.applyTransportStopped()
                 }
             }
-            TransportState.TRANSITIONING, TransportState.UNKNOWN -> Unit
+            TransportState.TRANSITIONING, TransportState.NO_MEDIA, TransportState.UNKNOWN -> Unit
         }
-        observeTransport(transport, info)
-        checkForStall(active, info.trackUri, transport)
-        notifyRemoteStateChanged()
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The track's duration as the renderer reports it. A one-track renderer
+     * that reports none (some leave TrackDuration at 0:00:00) falls back to
+     * the library's duration, so the scrubber has an end to run to.
+     */
+    private fun durationFor(info: PositionInfo, single: SingleTrackLoader.PollOutcome?): Long =
+        if (single != null && info.trackDurationMs <= 0L) singleTrack.knownDurationMs() else info.trackDurationMs
+
     /**
      * Ask the watchdog what to make of this poll, and act on its answer.
      *
@@ -711,7 +810,7 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
                 )
                 // Tell the user and the admin inbox. Silence here would be the
                 // original bug: playback simply ends and nobody finds out.
-                trackIdFromStreamUri(trackUri)?.let { handler.post { events.onStalled(it) } }
+                streamUriTrackId(trackUri)?.let { handler.post { events.onStalled(it) } }
             }
             RemoteStallWatchdog.Decision.None -> Unit
         }
@@ -763,6 +862,9 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
     ): RemoteStallWatchdog.QueueState {
         val stalled = transport.state == TransportState.STOPPED || !transport.statusOk
         if (!stalled) return RemoteStallWatchdog.QueueState.UNKNOWN
+        // A one-track renderer has no queue length to ask for; the loader
+        // knows whether it just played out the queue's last track.
+        if (active.queueMode == QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK) return singleTrack.queueState()
 
         val now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime()
         if (now - lastMediaInfoAtMs > MEDIA_INFO_TTL_MS) {
@@ -834,7 +936,7 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
      * Must run on the application looper -- reads the delegate timeline.
      */
     private fun resolveRemoteCursorIndex(sonosTrack: Int, trackUri: String): Int? {
-        val byId = trackIdFromStreamUri(trackUri)?.let { id ->
+        val byId = streamUriTrackId(trackUri)?.let { id ->
             nearestIndexWithMediaId(id, preferNear = sonosTrack - 1)
         }
         return byId ?: (sonosTrack - 1).takeIf { it in 0 until delegate.mediaItemCount }
@@ -860,20 +962,7 @@ class MinstrelForwardingPlayer(
         return best
     }
 
-    /** Extract `{id}` from a `.../api/tracks/{id}/stream...` stream URI. */
-    private fun trackIdFromStreamUri(uri: String): String? {
-        val start = uri.indexOf(TRACKS_PATH_MARKER)
-        if (start < 0) return null
-        val idStart = start + TRACKS_PATH_MARKER.length
-        val idEnd = uri.indexOf('/', idStart)
-        return if (idEnd > idStart) uri.substring(idStart, idEnd) else null
-    }
-
     private companion object {
-        // Path segment that precedes the track-id in a stream URI
-        // (…/api/tracks/{id}/stream…) — used to map the renderer's current URI
-        // back to a delegate MediaItem by identity.
-        const val TRACKS_PATH_MARKER = "/api/tracks/"
         const val POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 1_000L
         const val NON_PLAYING_CONFIRM = 2
         const val SEEK_ACK_WINDOW_MS = 2_000L

android/app/src/main/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/PlayerFactory.kt

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import com.fabledsword.minstrel.cache.audiocache.TwoBucketCacheEvictor
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.gain.GainAudioProcessor
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.gain.ReplayGainStore
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.ActiveUpnpHolder
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.SingleTrackLoader
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.SonosQueueLoader
 import dagger.hilt.android.qualifiers.ApplicationContext
 import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.BufferOverflow
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ class PlayerFactory @Inject constructor(
     private val authStore: AuthStore,
     private val replayGains: ReplayGainStore,
     private val sonosQueue: SonosQueueLoader,
+    private val singleTrack: SingleTrackLoader,
 ) {
     private val cacheDir: File = File(context.cacheDir, "audio_cache").apply { mkdirs() }
 
@@ -121,6 +123,7 @@ class PlayerFactory @Inject constructor(
             remoteState = remoteState,
             castNetworkLock = CastNetworkLock(context),
             networkStatus = serverHealth,
+            singleTrack = singleTrack,
             events = MinstrelForwardingPlayer.RemoteEvents(
                 onDrop = { name -> emitDrop(name) },
                 onStalled = { trackId -> stallEventsInternal.tryEmit(trackId) },

android/app/src/main/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/output/ActiveUpnpHolder.kt

@@ -13,14 +13,31 @@ import javax.inject.Singleton
  * + rendering clients. Decouples [com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.MinstrelForwardingPlayer]
  * from [OutputPickerController] -- the picker writes; the forwarding
  * player reads. Null = no UPnP active (local ExoPlayer path).
+ *
+ * [queueMode] says how the renderer is fed tracks, which decides what a
+ * skip sends and where the poll reads the queue position from.
  */
 data class ActiveUpnp(
     val routeId: String,
     val routeName: String,
     val avTransport: AVTransportClient,
     val rendering: RenderingControlClient?,
+    val queueMode: QueueMode,
 )
 
+enum class QueueMode {
+    /** A Sonos holds the whole queue: [SonosQueueLoader]. */
+    NATIVE_QUEUE,
+
+    /** Any other renderer holds one track at a time: [SingleTrackLoader]. */
+    SINGLE_TRACK,
+    ;
+
+    companion object {
+        fun forRoute(isSonos: Boolean): QueueMode = if (isSonos) NATIVE_QUEUE else SINGLE_TRACK
+    }
+}
+
 @Singleton
 class ActiveUpnpHolder @Inject constructor() {
 

android/app/src/main/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/output/OutputPickerController.kt

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.RenderingControlClient
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.SoapClient
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.TransportState
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.UpnpDiscoveryController
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.UpnpRoute
 import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.bareUdn
 import dagger.hilt.android.qualifiers.ApplicationContext
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.stateIn
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.Mutex
 import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.withLock
-import okhttp3.HttpUrl.Companion.toHttpUrlOrNull
 import okhttp3.OkHttpClient
 import timber.log.Timber
 import javax.inject.Inject
@@ -58,10 +58,11 @@ data class RouteSnapshot(
  * Selection branches on [OutputRoute.Protocol]:
  *  - [OutputRoute.Protocol.SYSTEM] — MediaRouter.selectRoute (built-in,
  *    wired, Bluetooth)
- *  - [OutputRoute.Protocol.UPNP] — mint a signed stream token via
+ *  - [OutputRoute.Protocol.UPNP] — pause local playback so audio yields
- *    [SonosQueueLoader], drive the discovered renderer with
+ *    to the network speaker, then hand the renderer the queue: a Sonos
- *    AVTransport.SetAVTransportURI + Play, pause local playback so
+ *    takes all of it through [SonosQueueLoader]; any other UPnP / DLNA
- *    audio yields to the network speaker
+ *    renderer takes one track at a time through [SingleTrackLoader]
+ *    (see [QueueMode])
  *  - [OutputRoute.Protocol.CAST] / [OutputRoute.Protocol.SONOS] —
  *    not implemented; selecting one does nothing.
  */
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
     private val playerController: PlayerController,
     private val playerFactory: PlayerFactory,
     private val sonosQueue: SonosQueueLoader,
+    private val singleTrack: SingleTrackLoader,
     private val activeUpnpHolder: ActiveUpnpHolder,
     private val remoteState: RemotePlayerState,
     private val okHttp: OkHttpClient,
@@ -330,6 +332,12 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
             Timber.w("Sonos queue repair: route or transport gone for %s", routeId)
             return@withLock
         }
+        if (!upnpRoute.isSonos) {
+            // Only a native queue can be truncated; a one-track renderer
+            // never asks for this.
+            Timber.w("Sonos queue repair skipped: %s holds no queue", upnpRoute.name)
+            return@withLock
+        }
         val outputRoute = OutputRoute.fromUpnpRoute(upnpRoute)
         Timber.w(
             "Sonos queue repair: reloading %d tracks on %s (resuming at index %d)",
@@ -371,6 +379,10 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
             selectedUpnpRouteIdInternal.value = null
             return@withLock
         }
+        if (!upnpRoute.isSonos) {
+            resyncSingleTrack(upnpRoute, transport, newQueue, newCurrentIndex)
+            return@withLock
+        }
         val handledIncrementally = runCatching {
             sonosQueue.tryIncrementalResync(transport, oldIds, newQueue)
         }.getOrElse { e ->
@@ -403,6 +415,7 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
                     routeName = outputRoute.name,
                     avTransport = transport,
                     rendering = rendering,
+                    queueMode = QueueMode.NATIVE_QUEUE,
                 ),
             )
             activeUpnpHolder.setTarget(null)
@@ -413,6 +426,57 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The one-track counterpart of the Sonos resync. A mutation that left the
+     * cast running (play next, radio append, a removal) keeps the current
+     * track playing and only re-arms what follows it. A queue replaced
+     * through setMediaItems -- the forwarding player has already cleared
+     * active, and dropped the play() that came with it -- starts the new
+     * queue at its current index, as the listener asked. So does a mutation
+     * that removed the playing track.
+     */
+    private suspend fun resyncSingleTrack(
+        upnpRoute: UpnpRoute,
+        transport: AVTransportClient,
+        newQueue: List<TrackRef>,
+        newCurrentIndex: Int,
+    ) {
+        val stillActive = activeUpnpHolder.active.value?.routeId == upnpRoute.id
+        if (stillActive && requeueKeepsTrack(transport, newQueue)) {
+            activeUpnpHolder.setTarget(null)
+            return
+        }
+        if (activeUpnpHolder.active.value != null) {
+            activeUpnpHolder.set(null)
+            activeUpnpHolder.setTarget(upnpRoute.id)
+        }
+        Timber.w("UPnP single-track resync: starting track %d on %s", newCurrentIndex + 1, upnpRoute.name)
+        runCatching {
+            singleTrack.load(transport, newQueue, newCurrentIndex)
+            activeUpnpHolder.set(
+                ActiveUpnp(
+                    routeId = upnpRoute.id,
+                    routeName = upnpRoute.name,
+                    avTransport = transport,
+                    rendering = renderingClientFor(upnpRoute.id),
+                    queueMode = QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK,
+                ),
+            )
+            activeUpnpHolder.setTarget(null)
+            remoteState.setPlayIntent(true)
+        }.onFailure { e ->
+            Timber.w(e, "UPnP single-track resync failed -- dropping to local")
+            activeUpnpHolder.setTarget(null)
+            selectedUpnpRouteIdInternal.value = null
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** True when the playing track survived the change and was kept playing. */
+    private suspend fun requeueKeepsTrack(transport: AVTransportClient, newQueue: List<TrackRef>): Boolean =
+        runCatching { singleTrack.requeue(transport, newQueue) }
+            .onFailure { Timber.w(it, "UPnP single-track requeue failed; restarting the queue") }
+            .getOrDefault(false)
+
 
     /**
      * Called when the active UPnP route drops unexpectedly (the poll loop's
@@ -496,11 +560,10 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
     }
 
     /**
-     * Drive the UPnP renderer using Sonos native queue mode:
+     * Hand the renderer the local queue and play it. A Sonos gets its native
-     * clear the device's queue, load every track from our local queue
+     * queue loaded ([SonosQueueLoader]); any other renderer is started on the
-     * via AddURIToQueue, point the transport at the queue URI, seek to
+     * current track with the next one armed ([SingleTrackLoader]). Wrapped in
-     * the current index, and play. Wrapped in `runCatching` — SOAP
+     * `runCatching` — SOAP failure abandons the selection cleanly.
-     * failure abandons the selection cleanly.
      *
      * Order of operations is deliberate:
      *  1. Pause local so the user doesn't keep hearing local audio.
@@ -531,6 +594,7 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
             return@withLock
         }
         val rendering = renderingClientFor(effectiveRoute.id)
+        val queueMode = queueModeFor(effectiveRoute.id)
         // Pause local before flipping UI state -- user shouldn't keep hearing
         // local audio while we queue up Sonos.
         playerController.pause()
@@ -539,7 +603,12 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
         // session we got disconnected from), attach to it in place instead of
         // wiping + reloading -- no jarring restart, and skip/seek land on its
         // live queue. Falls through to the clear+reload path when it isn't ours.
-        if (tryAdoptRunningSession(transport, rendering, effectiveRoute, uiState.queue)) {
+        val adopted = tryAdoptRunningSession(
+            AdoptTarget(transport, rendering, effectiveRoute, queueMode),
+            uiState.queue,
+            uiState.queueIndex,
+        )
+        if (adopted) {
             return@withLock
         }
         // Mark UPnP loading. ForwardingPlayer overrides drop transport commands
@@ -547,7 +616,12 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
         // taps don't hit Sonos's stale state from a prior session.
         activeUpnpHolder.setTarget(effectiveRoute.id)
         runCatching {
-            sonosQueue.load(transport, effectiveRoute, uiState.queue, uiState.queueIndex)
+            when (queueMode) {
+                QueueMode.NATIVE_QUEUE ->
+                    sonosQueue.load(transport, effectiveRoute, uiState.queue, uiState.queueIndex)
+                QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK ->
+                    singleTrack.load(transport, uiState.queue, uiState.queueIndex)
+            }
             // Wire active LAST -- SOAP path is now safe to use.
             activeUpnpHolder.set(
                 ActiveUpnp(
@@ -555,6 +629,7 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
                     routeName = effectiveRoute.name,
                     avTransport = transport,
                     rendering = rendering,
+                    queueMode = queueMode,
                 ),
             )
             // Selecting a route loads the queue and Plays on the renderer, so
@@ -570,38 +645,49 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
 
     /**
      * The renderer's current position + transport state, validated as an
-     * adoptable continuation of our local queue: same track id at the same
+     * adoptable continuation of our local queue. Null means "not ours / not
-     * 1-based index. Null means "not ours / not playing" -> caller reloads.
+     * playing" -> caller reloads.
      */
     private data class AdoptPlan(
         val localIndex: Int,
         val positionMs: Long,
         val durationMs: Long,
         val trackUri: String,
-        val trackNumber: Int,
         val playing: Boolean,
     )
 
+    /** The renderer a select is about to drive, and how. */
+    private data class AdoptTarget(
+        val transport: AVTransportClient,
+        val rendering: RenderingControlClient?,
+        val route: OutputRoute,
+        val queueMode: QueueMode,
+    )
+
     /**
      * Attach to a renderer that is *already* playing our queue (a session the
      * phone got disconnected from but the speaker kept streaming) instead of
      * clearing + reloading it. Probes the renderer's live state, and if it's
-     * mid-playback on the same track id at the same queue index, syncs the
+     * mid-playback on one of our tracks where our queue has it, syncs the
      * local cursor to match and wires [ActiveUpnpHolder] -- the speaker never
-     * skips a beat, and skip/seek now drive its live queue. Returns false (and
+     * skips a beat, and skip/seek now drive it. Returns false (and the caller
-     * the caller does the full clear+reload) when the renderer isn't playing
+     * does the full load) when the renderer isn't playing our queue. The
-     * our queue. The local player is already paused by the caller.
+     * local player is already paused by the caller.
      */
     private suspend fun tryAdoptRunningSession(
-        transport: AVTransportClient,
+        target: AdoptTarget,
-        rendering: RenderingControlClient?,
-        route: OutputRoute,
         localQueue: List<TrackRef>,
+        localIndex: Int,
     ): Boolean {
-        val plan = probeAdoptable(transport, route, localQueue) ?: return false
+        val (transport, rendering, route, queueMode) = target
+        val plan = probeAdoptable(target, localQueue, localIndex) ?: return false
+        if (queueMode == QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK) {
+            // The renderer holds only this track; arm the one after it.
+            singleTrack.adopt(transport, localQueue, plan.localIndex, plan.trackUri)
+        }
         Timber.w(
             "UPnP adopt: attaching to live session on %s at track %d (%dms)",
-            route.name, plan.trackNumber, plan.positionMs,
+            route.name, plan.localIndex + 1, plan.positionMs,
         )
         // active is still null here, so this aligns the *local* cursor without
         // emitting SOAP; the holder.set below then starts the poll loop, which
@@ -611,7 +697,7 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
             positionMs = plan.positionMs,
             durationMs = plan.durationMs,
             trackUri = plan.trackUri,
-            trackNumber = plan.trackNumber,
+            trackNumber = plan.localIndex + 1,
         )
         remoteState.setPlayIntent(plan.playing)
         activeUpnpHolder.set(
@@ -620,36 +706,45 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
                 routeName = route.name,
                 avTransport = transport,
                 rendering = rendering,
+                queueMode = queueMode,
             ),
         )
         return true
     }
 
+    /**
+     * A Sonos must be on our track at the same 1-based index of its native
+     * queue, since skips drive that queue. A one-track renderer has no index
+     * to agree on: it is ours if it is playing one of our tracks, taken
+     * nearest the local cursor.
+     */
     private suspend fun probeAdoptable(
-        transport: AVTransportClient,
+        target: AdoptTarget,
-        route: OutputRoute,
         localQueue: List<TrackRef>,
+        localIndex: Int,
     ): AdoptPlan? {
         val probe = runCatching {
-            transport.getTransportInfo() to transport.getPositionInfo()
+            target.transport.getTransportInfo() to target.transport.getPositionInfo()
         }.getOrElse {
-            Timber.w(it, "UPnP adopt: probe failed for %s; will reload", route.name)
+            Timber.w(it, "UPnP adopt: probe failed for %s; will reload", target.route.name)
             return null
         }
         val (info, pos) = probe
-        val idx0 = pos.track - 1
+        val playingId = streamUriTrackId(pos.trackUri)
-        val playingId = trackIdFromStreamUrl(pos.trackUri)
         val midPlayback =
             info.state == TransportState.PLAYING || info.state == TransportState.PAUSED
-        val aligned = midPlayback && playingId != null &&
+        val idx0 = when {
-            idx0 in localQueue.indices && localQueue[idx0].id == playingId
+            playingId == null -> null
-        return if (aligned) {
+            target.queueMode == QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK ->
+                nearestIndexOf(localQueue, playingId, localIndex)
+            else -> (pos.track - 1).takeIf { it in localQueue.indices && localQueue[it].id == playingId }
+        }
+        return if (midPlayback && idx0 != null) {
             AdoptPlan(
                 localIndex = idx0,
                 positionMs = pos.relTimeMs,
                 durationMs = pos.trackDurationMs,
                 trackUri = pos.trackUri,
-                trackNumber = pos.track,
                 playing = info.state == TransportState.PLAYING,
             )
         } else {
@@ -657,12 +752,9 @@ class OutputPickerController @Inject constructor(
         }
     }
 
-    /** Extract our track id from a stream URL `.../api/tracks/<id>/stream...`. */
+    /** How the route is fed tracks; a route gone from discovery reads as not-Sonos. */
-    private fun trackIdFromStreamUrl(url: String): String? {
+    private fun queueModeFor(routeId: String): QueueMode =
-        val segments = url.toHttpUrlOrNull()?.pathSegments ?: return null
+        QueueMode.forRoute(upnpDiscovery.routes.value.firstOrNull { it.id == routeId }?.isSonos == true)
-        val i = segments.indexOf("tracks")
-        return if (i >= 0) segments.getOrNull(i + 1) else null
-    }
 
 
     private fun renderingClientFor(routeId: String): RenderingControlClient? {

android/app/src/main/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/output/SingleTrackLoader.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+package com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output
+
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.models.TrackRef
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.RemoteStallWatchdog
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.StreamTokenProvider
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.AVTransportClient
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.SoapFaultException
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.TransportState
+import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.Mutex
+import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.withLock
+import timber.log.Timber
+import javax.inject.Inject
+import kotlin.math.abs
+import javax.inject.Singleton
+
+/**
+ * Drives a UPnP / DLNA renderer that has no queue of its own — anything that
+ * isn't a Sonos. [SonosQueueLoader] hands a Sonos the whole queue; the queue
+ * verbs it uses are Sonos extensions a generic renderer faults on. Here the
+ * app holds the queue and the renderer holds one track at a time:
+ *
+ *  - SetAVTransportURI + Play starts a track.
+ *  - SetNextAVTransportURI hands over the one after it, so a renderer that
+ *    supports it moves on by itself, without a gap. The poll sees the
+ *    renderer's URI change to that one and arms the next.
+ *  - A renderer without SetNext (it faults) or one that accepts it and
+ *    ignores it stops at the end of the track; [TrackEndDetector] tells that
+ *    from a stop partway, and the app starts the next track itself.
+ *
+ * The renderer reports Track=1 for whatever it is playing, so the 1-based
+ * queue position everything else keys on comes from here ([PollOutcome]).
+ *
+ * One mutex covers every write, because the poll's auto-advance and the
+ * listener's skip both point the renderer somewhere and must not interleave.
+ */
+@Singleton
+class SingleTrackLoader @Inject constructor(
+    private val streamTokens: StreamTokenProvider,
+) {
+    private val mutex = Mutex()
+
+    @Volatile private var queue: List<TrackRef> = emptyList()
+
+    /** 0-based index of the track the renderer was last pointed at; -1 when none. */
+    @Volatile var currentIndex: Int = -1
+        private set
+
+    private var currentUri: String = ""
+    private var armedNextIndex: Int = -1
+    private var armedNextUri: String = ""
+
+    // Set when the renderer faults SetNextAVTransportURI: it does not have the
+    // action, and asking again per track would only collect the same fault.
+    // Cleared on every load, since a load may be a different renderer.
+    private var nextUnsupported = false
+
+    // Polls to wait before re-trying a SetNext that failed in transit. Each
+    // try mints a URL from the server, so a failure is not retried every
+    // second.
+    private var armRetryPolls = 0
+
+    // Whether the last poll found the current track played to its end. Read
+    // by [queueState] for the stall watchdog.
+    private var endedOnLastPoll = false
+
+    private val endDetector = TrackEndDetector()
+
+    /**
+     * What a poll learned. [trackNumber] is the 1-based queue position the
+     * renderer is playing (0 when nothing is loaded). [advanced] is true when
+     * this poll started the next track itself, so the reading it was given is
+     * already stale and the caller should not judge a stall from it.
+     */
+    data class PollOutcome(val trackNumber: Int, val advanced: Boolean)
+
+    /** Take [queue] as the one to play, and start [index] on the renderer. */
+    suspend fun load(transport: AVTransportClient, queue: List<TrackRef>, index: Int) =
+        mutex.withLock {
+            this.queue = queue
+            nextUnsupported = false
+            start(transport, index)
+        }
+
+    /**
+     * Start [index] of the queue already held — a skip, a previous, or a tap
+     * on a queue row. Returns false when [index] is outside the queue.
+     */
+    suspend fun playIndex(transport: AVTransportClient, index: Int): Boolean =
+        mutex.withLock { start(transport, index) }
+
+    /**
+     * Attach to a renderer already playing [index] of [queue] at [uri] — a
+     * session the phone lost touch with and the renderer carried on with —
+     * without restarting it. Only arms the next track.
+     */
+    suspend fun adopt(transport: AVTransportClient, queue: List<TrackRef>, index: Int, uri: String) =
+        mutex.withLock {
+            this.queue = queue
+            nextUnsupported = false
+            pointedAt(index, uri)
+            armNext(transport)
+        }
+
+    /**
+     * The local queue changed under a playing track (play next, radio
+     * append, a removal). Keep playing the current track and re-arm what
+     * follows it. Returns false when the current track is gone from
+     * [newQueue]; the caller then starts the new queue with [load].
+     */
+    suspend fun requeue(transport: AVTransportClient, newQueue: List<TrackRef>): Boolean =
+        mutex.withLock {
+            val playingId = queue.getOrNull(currentIndex)?.id
+            val idx = playingId?.let { nearestIndexOf(newQueue, it, currentIndex) }
+            queue = newQueue
+            if (idx == null) return@withLock false
+            currentIndex = idx
+            // What was armed was chosen from the old queue; SetNext replaces it.
+            armedNextIndex = -1
+            armedNextUri = ""
+            armNext(transport)
+            true
+        }
+
+    /**
+     * One poll's reading of the renderer. Follows a renderer that moved on by
+     * itself, re-tries arming the next track, and starts the next track when
+     * the current one has played to its end.
+     */
+    suspend fun onPoll(
+        transport: AVTransportClient,
+        trackUri: String,
+        state: TransportState,
+        positionMs: Long,
+        durationMs: Long,
+        playIntent: Boolean,
+    ): PollOutcome = mutex.withLock {
+        if (currentIndex !in queue.indices) return@withLock PollOutcome(0, advanced = false)
+        val moved = followRenderer(trackUri)
+        armNext(transport)
+        if (moved) return@withLock PollOutcome(currentIndex + 1, advanced = false)
+        val known = queue[currentIndex].durationSec * MILLIS_PER_SECOND
+        endedOnLastPoll = endDetector.onPoll(state, positionMs, durationMs, known)
+        val next = currentIndex + 1
+        val advance = endedOnLastPoll && playIntent && next in queue.indices
+        if (advance) {
+            Timber.w("UPnP single-track: track %d ended; starting %d", currentIndex + 1, next + 1)
+            runCatching { start(transport, next) }
+                .onFailure { Timber.w(it, "UPnP single-track: could not start track %d", next + 1) }
+        }
+        PollOutcome(currentIndex + 1, advanced = advance)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For the stall watchdog: a renderer stopped at the end of the queue's
+     * last track has simply finished. Anything else is left for the watchdog
+     * to judge, as it would for a renderer that says nothing.
+     */
+    fun queueState(): RemoteStallWatchdog.QueueState =
+        if (endedOnLastPoll && currentIndex == queue.lastIndex) {
+            RemoteStallWatchdog.QueueState.COMPLETE
+        } else {
+            RemoteStallWatchdog.QueueState.UNKNOWN
+        }
+
+    /** The library's duration for the current track, for a renderer that reports none. */
+    fun knownDurationMs(): Long =
+        queue.getOrNull(currentIndex)?.durationSec?.times(MILLIS_PER_SECOND) ?: 0L
+
+    private suspend fun start(transport: AVTransportClient, index: Int): Boolean {
+        if (index !in queue.indices) return false
+        val token = mint(index)
+        transport.setAVTransportURIWithMetadata(token.url, token.mime, token.title)
+        transport.play()
+        pointedAt(index, token.url)
+        armNext(transport)
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private fun pointedAt(index: Int, uri: String) {
+        currentIndex = index
+        currentUri = uri
+        armedNextIndex = -1
+        armedNextUri = ""
+        armRetryPolls = 0
+        endedOnLastPoll = false
+        endDetector.reset()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update [currentIndex] when the renderer's URI says it is playing
+     * something other than the track we started. The armed next URI is the
+     * common case (it advanced by itself); otherwise the track id in the URI
+     * is looked up, for a renderer that was re-pointed some other way.
+     * Returns true when the index moved.
+     */
+    private fun followRenderer(trackUri: String): Boolean {
+        val idx = when {
+            trackUri.isEmpty() || trackUri == currentUri -> null
+            trackUri == armedNextUri -> armedNextIndex
+            else -> streamUriTrackId(trackUri)?.let { nearestIndexOf(queue, it, currentIndex + 1) }
+        }
+        if (idx == null || idx == currentIndex) return false
+        Timber.w("UPnP single-track: renderer moved on to track %d", idx + 1)
+        pointedAt(idx, trackUri)
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private suspend fun armNext(transport: AVTransportClient) {
+        val next = currentIndex + 1
+        if (nextUnsupported || next !in queue.indices || next == armedNextIndex) return
+        if (armRetryPolls > 0) {
+            armRetryPolls -= 1
+            return
+        }
+        runCatching {
+            val token = mint(next)
+            transport.setNextAVTransportURI(token.url, token.mime, token.title)
+            token.url
+        }.onSuccess { url ->
+            armedNextIndex = next
+            armedNextUri = url
+        }.onFailure { e ->
+            if (e is SoapFaultException) {
+                // The renderer answered: it has no SetNext. The app advances it.
+                Timber.w("UPnP single-track: SetNext refused (%s); advancing from the app", e.code)
+                nextUnsupported = true
+            } else {
+                Timber.w(e, "UPnP single-track: SetNext failed; retrying later")
+                armRetryPolls = ARM_RETRY_POLLS
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Prerender both: the current track is about to be fetched, and the next
+    // one is fetched the moment the renderer moves on.
+    private suspend fun mint(index: Int) = streamTokens.mint(
+        queue[index].id,
+        asAlbum = SonosQueueLoader.playingAsAlbum(queue, index),
+        prerender = true,
+    )
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1_000L
+        const val ARM_RETRY_POLLS = 10
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Index in [queue] of the track with [id], taking the occurrence nearest
+ * [preferNear] so a track queued twice does not send the cursor across the
+ * queue. Null when [id] is not queued.
+ */
+internal fun nearestIndexOf(queue: List<TrackRef>, id: String, preferNear: Int): Int? =
+    queue.indices.filter { queue[it].id == id }.minByOrNull { abs(it - preferNear) }
+
+/** The track id in a `.../api/tracks/{id}/stream...` URL, or null for any other URL. */
+internal fun streamUriTrackId(uri: String): String? {
+    val start = uri.indexOf(TRACKS_PATH_MARKER)
+    if (start < 0) return null
+    val idStart = start + TRACKS_PATH_MARKER.length
+    val idEnd = uri.indexOf('/', idStart)
+    return if (idEnd > idStart) uri.substring(idStart, idEnd) else null
+}
+
+private const val TRACKS_PATH_MARKER = "/api/tracks/"

android/app/src/main/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/output/TrackEndDetector.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output
+
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.TransportState
+
+/**
+ * Tells a renderer that finished its track from one that stopped partway.
+ *
+ * A renderer with no queue of its own reports the same STOPPED either way.
+ * Finishing means the app should start the next track; stopping partway is
+ * the stall watchdog's business (the stream died, or someone pressed stop on
+ * the device), and starting the next track then would skip music.
+ *
+ * The test is where the renderer was last seen playing: within [END_SLACK_MS]
+ * of the end counts as finished. The slack covers the 1 s poll cadence plus a
+ * renderer that stops a little short of the duration it reported. A track is
+ * only judged once it has been seen playing, so the brief STOPPED a renderer
+ * passes through while it loads a new URI never reads as an ending.
+ *
+ * Pure state, no SOAP: [SingleTrackLoader] feeds it each poll.
+ */
+internal class TrackEndDetector {
+
+    private var sawPlaying = false
+    private var lastPlayingPositionMs = 0L
+    private var durationMs = 0L
+
+    /**
+     * Feed one poll, learn whether the current track has ended.
+     * [reportedDurationMs] is the renderer's TrackDuration, which some
+     * renderers leave at zero; [knownDurationMs] is the library's duration
+     * for the same track, used when the renderer says nothing.
+     */
+    fun onPoll(
+        state: TransportState,
+        positionMs: Long,
+        reportedDurationMs: Long,
+        knownDurationMs: Long,
+    ): Boolean {
+        val duration = reportedDurationMs.takeIf { it > 0L } ?: knownDurationMs
+        if (duration > 0L) durationMs = duration
+        if (state == TransportState.PLAYING) {
+            sawPlaying = true
+            lastPlayingPositionMs = positionMs
+            return false
+        }
+        val stopped = state == TransportState.STOPPED || state == TransportState.NO_MEDIA
+        return stopped &&
+            sawPlaying &&
+            durationMs > 0L &&
+            lastPlayingPositionMs >= durationMs - END_SLACK_MS
+    }
+
+    /** A new track was handed to the renderer: judge it from scratch. */
+    fun reset() {
+        sawPlaying = false
+        lastPlayingPositionMs = 0L
+        durationMs = 0L
+    }
+
+    private companion object {
+        const val END_SLACK_MS = 5_000L
+    }
+}

android/app/src/main/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/output/upnp/AVTransportClient.kt

@@ -4,15 +4,21 @@ import okhttp3.HttpUrl
 
 /**
  * High-level wrapper for the UPnP AVTransport service.
- * Covers SetAVTransportURI / Play / Pause / Stop / Seek /
+ * Covers SetAVTransportURI / SetNextAVTransportURI / Play / Pause / Stop /
- * GetPositionInfo / GetTransportInfo / queue management
+ * Seek / GetPositionInfo / GetTransportInfo, plus the Sonos queue
- * (RemoveAllTracksFromQueue, AddURIToQueue, Next, Previous, SeekToTrack).
+ * extensions (RemoveAllTracksFromQueue, AddURIToQueue, Next, Previous,
+ * SeekToTrack).
+ *
+ * [sonos] says which kind of renderer is on the other end. It shapes the
+ * DIDL-Lite every track is described with, so it is fixed at construction
+ * rather than chosen per call.
  */
 // One method per AVTransport SOAP verb; splitting would obscure the 1:1 protocol mapping.
 @Suppress("TooManyFunctions")
 class AVTransportClient(
     private val soap: SoapClient,
     private val controlUrl: HttpUrl,
+    private val sonos: Boolean,
 ) {
     suspend fun setAVTransportURI(uri: String, metadata: String = "") {
         soap.call(
@@ -39,15 +45,34 @@ class AVTransportClient(
      *       <res protocolInfo="http-get:*:<mime>:*">...</res>
      *     </item>
      *   </DIDL-Lite>
-     * Generic UPnP renderers tolerate this shape too — there's no
+     * The Sonos-only parts are left out for other renderers; see
-     * downside to always sending it. Title falls back to "Minstrel"
+     * [buildDidlLite]. Title falls back to "Minstrel" when the caller
-     * when the caller doesn't supply one.
+     * doesn't supply one.
      */
     suspend fun setAVTransportURIWithMetadata(uri: String, mime: String, title: String) {
         val safeTitle = title.ifBlank { "Minstrel" }
         setAVTransportURI(uri, buildDidlLite(uri, mime, safeTitle))
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Hand the renderer the track to play once the current one ends, so it
+     * can move on without a gap and without waiting for us. Optional in the
+     * UPnP spec: a renderer without it faults (401 Invalid Action, or 602
+     * Not Implemented), and the caller then advances the renderer itself.
+     */
+    suspend fun setNextAVTransportURI(uri: String, mime: String, title: String) {
+        soap.call(
+            controlUrl = controlUrl,
+            serviceType = SERVICE_TYPE,
+            action = "SetNextAVTransportURI",
+            args = mapOf(
+                "InstanceID" to "0",
+                "NextURI" to uri,
+                "NextURIMetaData" to buildDidlLite(uri, mime, title),
+            ),
+        )
+    }
+
     /**
      * Remove all tracks from the renderer's queue. UPnP action name is
      * `RemoveAllTracksFromQueue`. Used at activation time to clear out any
@@ -247,6 +272,7 @@ class AVTransportClient(
             "PAUSED_PLAYBACK" -> TransportState.PAUSED
             "STOPPED" -> TransportState.STOPPED
             "TRANSITIONING" -> TransportState.TRANSITIONING
+            "NO_MEDIA_PRESENT" -> TransportState.NO_MEDIA
             else -> TransportState.UNKNOWN
         }
         // CurrentTransportStatus is the renderer's own verdict on whether it is
@@ -267,22 +293,31 @@ class AVTransportClient(
         // discards our metadata content and regenerates its own with
         // class=object.item and the URL query string as the title
         // instead. Match SoCo's pattern.
+        //
+        // Other renderers get plain DIDL with DLNA.ORG_OP=01 in the
+        // protocolInfo, which declares that the stream takes byte-range
+        // requests. Several DLNA renderers (TVs, AV receivers) refuse to
+        // seek without it; the server's streams all serve Range.
         val safeTitle = title.ifBlank { "Minstrel" }
+        val fourthField = if (sonos) "*" else DLNA_SEEKABLE
         return buildString {
             append("<DIDL-Lite ")
             append("xmlns=\"urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/DIDL-Lite/\" ")
             append("xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" ")
-            append("xmlns:upnp=\"urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/upnp/\" ")
+            append("xmlns:upnp=\"urn:schemas-upnp-org:metadata-1-0/upnp/\"")
-            append("xmlns:r=\"urn:schemas-rinconnetworks-com:metadata-1-0/\">")
+            if (sonos) append(" xmlns:r=\"urn:schemas-rinconnetworks-com:metadata-1-0/\"")
+            append(">")
             append("<item id=\"-1\" parentID=\"-1\" restricted=\"true\">")
             append("<dc:title>").append(xmlEscape(safeTitle)).append("</dc:title>")
             append("<upnp:class>object.item.audioItem.musicTrack</upnp:class>")
             append("<res protocolInfo=\"http-get:*:").append(xmlEscape(mime))
-            append(":*\">").append(xmlEscape(uri)).append("</res>")
+            append(":").append(fourthField).append("\">").append(xmlEscape(uri)).append("</res>")
-            append("<desc id=\"cdudn\" ")
+            if (sonos) {
-            append("nameSpace=\"urn:schemas-rinconnetworks-com:metadata-1-0/\">")
+                append("<desc id=\"cdudn\" ")
-            append("RINCON_AssociatedZPUDN")
+                append("nameSpace=\"urn:schemas-rinconnetworks-com:metadata-1-0/\">")
-            append("</desc>")
+                append("RINCON_AssociatedZPUDN")
+                append("</desc>")
+            }
             append("</item>")
             append("</DIDL-Lite>")
         }
@@ -308,6 +343,7 @@ class AVTransportClient(
 
     private companion object {
         const val SERVICE_TYPE = "urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:AVTransport:1"
+        const val DLNA_SEEKABLE = "DLNA.ORG_OP=01"
         const val MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000L
         const val SECONDS_PER_MINUTE = 60L
         const val SECONDS_PER_HOUR = 3600L
@@ -330,7 +366,12 @@ data class PositionInfo(
  */
 data class MediaInfo(val nrTracks: Int, val currentUri: String)
 
-enum class TransportState { PLAYING, PAUSED, STOPPED, TRANSITIONING, UNKNOWN }
+/**
+ * [NO_MEDIA] is NO_MEDIA_PRESENT: nothing loaded. Several DLNA renderers land
+ * there instead of STOPPED when a track plays out, so a one-track renderer's
+ * ending reads it as a stop; it is not treated as a stall.
+ */
+enum class TransportState { PLAYING, PAUSED, STOPPED, TRANSITIONING, NO_MEDIA, UNKNOWN }
 
 /**
  * [statusOk] is CurrentTransportStatus, defaulted true so the many call sites

android/app/src/main/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/output/upnp/UpnpDiscoveryController.kt

@@ -135,13 +135,14 @@ class UpnpDiscoveryController @Inject constructor(
         return AVTransportClient(
             loggingSoapClient(controlHttp, route.name),
             route.avTransportControlUrl,
+            sonos = route.isSonos,
         )
     }
 
     private suspend fun handleDiscovery(locationUrl: String) {
         val route = fetchRoute(locationUrl) ?: return
         upsertRoute(route)
-        if (route.manufacturer.contains("Sonos", ignoreCase = true)) {
+        if (route.isSonos) {
             refreshSonosTopology(route)
         }
     }

android/app/src/main/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/output/upnp/UpnpRoute.kt

@@ -25,4 +25,13 @@ data class UpnpRoute(
     val avTransportControlUrl: HttpUrl,
     val renderingControlUrl: HttpUrl?,
     val zoneGroupTopologyControlUrl: HttpUrl? = null,
-)
+) {
+    /**
+     * Whether this renderer is a Sonos, which is driven through its native
+     * queue. Anything else gets one track at a time — the Sonos queue verbs
+     * are vendor extensions a generic renderer faults on.
+     */
+    val isSonos: Boolean
+        get() = zoneGroupTopologyControlUrl != null ||
+            manufacturer.contains("Sonos", ignoreCase = true)
+}

android/app/src/test/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/output/SingleTrackQueueTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output
+
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.models.TrackRef
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.UpnpRoute
+import okhttp3.HttpUrl.Companion.toHttpUrl
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNull
+
+/**
+ * The pieces that let a renderer without a queue be driven from ours: which
+ * renderers get which mode, and mapping the URI it reports back to a queue
+ * position.
+ */
+class SingleTrackQueueTest {
+
+    private fun t(id: String) = TrackRef(id = id, title = "", albumId = "", artistId = "")
+
+    private fun route(manufacturer: String, zgt: Boolean = false) = UpnpRoute(
+        id = "uuid:x",
+        name = "Room",
+        manufacturer = manufacturer,
+        modelName = "",
+        avTransportControlUrl = "http://192.168.0.2:1400/AVTransport/Control".toHttpUrl(),
+        renderingControlUrl = null,
+        zoneGroupTopologyControlUrl = if (zgt) "http://192.168.0.2:1400/ZGT/Control".toHttpUrl() else null,
+    )
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a Sonos is driven through its native queue`() {
+        assertEquals(QueueMode.NATIVE_QUEUE, QueueMode.forRoute(route("Sonos, Inc.").isSonos))
+        assertEquals(QueueMode.NATIVE_QUEUE, QueueMode.forRoute(route("", zgt = true).isSonos))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `any other renderer is driven one track at a time`() {
+        assertEquals(QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK, QueueMode.forRoute(route("Yamaha Corporation").isSonos))
+        assertEquals(QueueMode.SINGLE_TRACK, QueueMode.forRoute(route("").isSonos))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `the track id is read from a stream URL, leveled or not`() {
+        assertEquals("abc", streamUriTrackId("http://h:8080/api/tracks/abc/stream.flac?t=tok"))
+        assertEquals("abc", streamUriTrackId("http://h/api/tracks/abc/leveled.flac?t=tok"))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a URL that is not ours has no track id`() {
+        assertNull(streamUriTrackId("x-rincon-queue:RINCON_ABC#0"))
+        assertNull(streamUriTrackId(""))
+        assertNull(streamUriTrackId("http://h/api/tracks/"))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a track queued twice resolves to the copy nearest the cursor`() {
+        val queue = listOf(t("a"), t("b"), t("a"), t("c"), t("a"))
+        assertEquals(2, nearestIndexOf(queue, "a", preferNear = 3))
+        assertEquals(0, nearestIndexOf(queue, "a", preferNear = 0))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a track not in the queue has no index`() {
+        assertNull(nearestIndexOf(listOf(t("a")), "z", preferNear = 0))
+    }
+}

android/app/src/test/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/output/TrackEndDetectorTest.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output
+
+import com.fabledsword.minstrel.player.output.upnp.TransportState
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+/**
+ * A one-track renderer says STOPPED both when a track plays out and when it
+ * stops partway; only the first should start the next track.
+ */
+class TrackEndDetectorTest {
+
+    private val d = TrackEndDetector()
+
+    private fun poll(state: TransportState, positionMs: Long, durationMs: Long = 200_000L, known: Long = 0L) =
+        d.onPoll(state, positionMs, durationMs, known)
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a stop just after the last playing reading near the end is an ending`() {
+        poll(TransportState.PLAYING, 198_000L)
+        assertTrue(poll(TransportState.STOPPED, 0L))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a stop partway through is not an ending`() {
+        poll(TransportState.PLAYING, 90_000L)
+        assertFalse(poll(TransportState.STOPPED, 90_000L))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `the stop a renderer passes through while loading a track is not an ending`() {
+        // Short track, never seen playing yet: without the playing guard,
+        // position 0 would already be within the slack of the end.
+        assertFalse(poll(TransportState.STOPPED, 0L, durationMs = 3_000L))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `no media present after a track plays out is an ending`() {
+        poll(TransportState.PLAYING, 199_500L)
+        assertTrue(poll(TransportState.NO_MEDIA, 0L, durationMs = 0L))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a pause near the end is not an ending`() {
+        poll(TransportState.PLAYING, 199_000L)
+        assertFalse(poll(TransportState.PAUSED, 199_000L))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `the library duration stands in for a renderer that reports none`() {
+        poll(TransportState.PLAYING, 178_000L, durationMs = 0L, known = 180_000L)
+        assertTrue(poll(TransportState.STOPPED, 0L, durationMs = 0L, known = 180_000L))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `with no duration from anywhere nothing is judged an ending`() {
+        poll(TransportState.PLAYING, 5_000L, durationMs = 0L)
+        assertFalse(poll(TransportState.STOPPED, 0L, durationMs = 0L))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `reset forgets the track that was playing`() {
+        poll(TransportState.PLAYING, 199_000L)
+        d.reset()
+        assertFalse(poll(TransportState.STOPPED, 0L))
+    }
+}

android/app/src/test/java/com/fabledsword/minstrel/player/output/upnp/AVTransportClientTest.kt

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class AVTransportClientTest {
         server = MockWebServer()
         server.start()
         val controlUrl = server.url("/MediaRenderer/AVTransport/Control")
-        client = AVTransportClient(SoapClient(OkHttpClient()), controlUrl)
+        client = AVTransportClient(SoapClient(OkHttpClient()), controlUrl, sonos = true)
     }
 
     @AfterEach
@@ -229,6 +229,45 @@ class AVTransportClientTest {
         assertEquals(0, client.getMediaInfo().nrTracks)
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun `setNextAVTransportURI sends NextURI with its metadata`() = runTest {
+        server.enqueue(emptyResponse("SetNextAVTransportURI"))
+        client.setNextAVTransportURI(
+            uri = "http://example.com/api/tracks/t2/stream.flac",
+            mime = "audio/flac",
+            title = "Next",
+        )
+        val body = server.takeRequest().body.readUtf8()
+        assertTrue(body.contains("SetNextAVTransportURI")) { "body: $body" }
+        assertTrue(body.contains("<NextURI>http://example.com/api/tracks/t2/stream.flac</NextURI>")) {
+            "body: $body"
+        }
+        assertTrue(body.contains("<NextURIMetaData>")) { "body: $body" }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a Sonos gets the Rincon metadata it requires`() = runTest {
+        server.enqueue(emptyResponse("SetAVTransportURI"))
+        client.setAVTransportURIWithMetadata("http://x/a.flac", "audio/flac", "Song")
+        val body = server.takeRequest().body.readUtf8()
+        assertTrue(body.contains("RINCON_AssociatedZPUDN")) { "body: $body" }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `a generic renderer gets plain DIDL that declares the stream seekable`() = runTest {
+        val generic = AVTransportClient(
+            SoapClient(OkHttpClient()),
+            server.url("/MediaRenderer/AVTransport/Control"),
+            sonos = false,
+        )
+        server.enqueue(emptyResponse("SetAVTransportURI"))
+        generic.setAVTransportURIWithMetadata("http://x/a.flac", "audio/flac", "Song")
+        val body = server.takeRequest().body.readUtf8()
+        assertFalse(body.contains("RINCON")) { "body: $body" }
+        assertFalse(body.contains("rinconnetworks")) { "body: $body" }
+        assertTrue(body.contains("audio/flac:DLNA.ORG_OP=01")) { "body: $body" }
+    }
+
     private fun emptyResponse(action: String): MockResponse = MockResponse().setBody(
         """<?xml version="1.0"?>
            <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">