diff --git a/web/src/routes/admin/page.stage-state.test.ts b/web/src/routes/admin/page.stage-state.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1c37e0e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/routes/admin/page.stage-state.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { stageState } from './stage-state';
+import type { ScanStatus } from '$lib/api/admin';
+
+const FINISHED_AT = '2026-05-06T12:00:00Z';
+
+function makeScan(partial: Partial<ScanStatus>): ScanStatus {
+  return {
+    id: 'test-id',
+    started_at: '2026-05-06T11:00:00Z',
+    finished_at: null,
+    in_flight: true,
+    ...partial
+  } as ScanStatus;
+}
+
+describe('stageState', () => {
+  it('returns skipped when scan is undefined', () => {
+    expect(stageState(undefined, 'library')).toBe('skipped');
+    expect(stageState(undefined, 'cover_enrich')).toBe('skipped');
+  });
+
+  it('in-flight + no tallies → all stages pending', () => {
+    const scan = makeScan({ in_flight: true });
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'library')).toBe('pending');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'mbid_backfill')).toBe('pending');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'cover_enrich')).toBe('pending');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'artist_art_enrich')).toBe('pending');
+  });
+
+  it('in-flight + only library tally → library in_progress, rest pending', () => {
+    const scan = makeScan({
+      in_flight: true,
+      library: { scanned: 100, added: 1, updated: 0, skipped: 99, errored: 0 }
+    });
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'library')).toBe('in_progress');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'mbid_backfill')).toBe('pending');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'cover_enrich')).toBe('pending');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'artist_art_enrich')).toBe('pending');
+  });
+
+  it('in-flight + library + mbid_backfill tallies → library done, mbid in_progress', () => {
+    const scan = makeScan({
+      in_flight: true,
+      library: { scanned: 100, added: 1, updated: 0, skipped: 99, errored: 0 },
+      mbid_backfill: { processed: 50, healed: 40, skipped: 10, duplicates: 0 }
+    });
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'library')).toBe('done');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'mbid_backfill')).toBe('in_progress');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'cover_enrich')).toBe('pending');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'artist_art_enrich')).toBe('pending');
+  });
+
+  it('finished + all tallies → all done', () => {
+    const scan = makeScan({
+      in_flight: false,
+      finished_at: FINISHED_AT,
+      library: { scanned: 100, added: 1, updated: 0, skipped: 99, errored: 0 },
+      mbid_backfill: { processed: 50, healed: 40, skipped: 10, duplicates: 0 },
+      cover_enrich: { processed: 30, succeeded: 25, failed: 5 },
+      artist_art_enrich: { processed: 20, succeeded: 18, failed: 2 }
+    });
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'library')).toBe('done');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'mbid_backfill')).toBe('done');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'cover_enrich')).toBe('done');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'artist_art_enrich')).toBe('done');
+  });
+
+  it('finished + missing library tally → library skipped, others done if present', () => {
+    const scan = makeScan({
+      in_flight: false,
+      finished_at: FINISHED_AT,
+      mbid_backfill: { processed: 50, healed: 40, skipped: 10, duplicates: 0 },
+      cover_enrich: { processed: 30, succeeded: 25, failed: 5 }
+    });
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'library')).toBe('skipped');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'mbid_backfill')).toBe('done');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'cover_enrich')).toBe('done');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'artist_art_enrich')).toBe('skipped');
+  });
+
+  it('in-flight + last stage has tally → last stage in_progress, all earlier done', () => {
+    const scan = makeScan({
+      in_flight: true,
+      library: { scanned: 100, added: 1, updated: 0, skipped: 99, errored: 0 },
+      mbid_backfill: { processed: 50, healed: 40, skipped: 10, duplicates: 0 },
+      cover_enrich: { processed: 30, succeeded: 25, failed: 5 },
+      artist_art_enrich: { processed: 5, succeeded: 4, failed: 1 }
+    });
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'library')).toBe('done');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'mbid_backfill')).toBe('done');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'cover_enrich')).toBe('done');
+    expect(stageState(scan, 'artist_art_enrich')).toBe('in_progress');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/web/src/routes/admin/stage-state.ts b/web/src/routes/admin/stage-state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7611c40b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/routes/admin/stage-state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import type { ScanStatus } from '$lib/api/admin';
+
+export type StageState = 'pending' | 'in_progress' | 'done' | 'skipped';
+
+export type StageKey =
+  | 'library'
+  | 'mbid_backfill'
+  | 'cover_enrich'
+  | 'artist_art_enrich';
+
+const ORDER: readonly StageKey[] = [
+  'library',
+  'mbid_backfill',
+  'cover_enrich',
+  'artist_art_enrich'
+];
+
+// stageState derives the per-stage state from a ScanStatus snapshot.
+//
+// Truth table:
+//   in_progress = scan in-flight AND this stage's tally is non-empty AND
+//                 no later stage has started yet.
+//   done        = scan finished_at is set, OR a later stage has a tally
+//                 (this stage ran to completion before the next started).
+//   pending     = scan in-flight AND this stage hasn't started.
+//   skipped     = scan finished AND this stage has no tally
+//                 (e.g. ScanOnStartup=false skips the library walk).
+export function stageState(scan: ScanStatus | undefined, stage: StageKey): StageState {
+  if (!scan) return 'skipped';
+  const idx = ORDER.indexOf(stage);
+  const thisStage = scan[stage];
+  const inFlight = scan.in_flight === true;
+
+  let highestStarted = -1;
+  for (let i = 0; i < ORDER.length; i++) {
+    if (scan[ORDER[i]]) highestStarted = i;
+  }
+
+  if (thisStage) {
+    if (!inFlight) return 'done';
+    if (highestStarted > idx) return 'done';
+    return 'in_progress';
+  }
+
+  if (inFlight) return 'pending';
+  return 'skipped';
+}