# app/utils/image_importer.py

from __future__ import annotations

from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path
import hashlib
import json
import mimetypes
import os
import re
import shutil
import subprocess
import tempfile
import time
import uuid

from PIL import Image
import exifread
import imagehash

from app import db
from app.models import ImageRecord, Tag, ArchiveRecord


# =============================================================================
# Configuration & Constants
# =============================================================================

THUMB_SIZE = (400, 400)

# Media and archive extensions we handle
ALLOWED_MEDIA_EXTS = (
    ".jpg", ".jpeg", ".jfif", ".png", ".gif", ".bmp", ".tiff", ".webp", ".mp4", ".mov"
)
ALLOWED_ARCHIVE_EXTS = (
    ".zip", ".rar", ".cbr", ".7z",
    ".tar", ".tar.gz", ".tgz", ".tar.bz2", ".tbz2", ".tar.xz", ".txz"
)

# Regex for multi-part detection
RAR_PART_RE    = re.compile(r"\.part(\d+)\.rar$", re.IGNORECASE)
SEVENZ_PART_RE = re.compile(r"\.7z\.(\d{3})$", re.IGNORECASE)
OLD_RAR_VOL_RE = re.compile(r"\.r\d{2}$", re.IGNORECASE)  # .r00, .r01, ...

# Environment configuration (optional)
ENV_TMPDIR = "ARCHIVE_TMPDIR"          # where to extract archives (default: system tmp)
ENV_MINFREE = "ARCHIVE_MIN_FREE_GB"    # min free GB required to start extraction (float; 0 = disabled)


# =============================================================================
# Utilities: Temp space management & free-space guard
# =============================================================================

def get_tmp_base() -> Path:
    """Return the base temp directory for archive extraction."""
    return Path(os.environ.get(ENV_TMPDIR, tempfile.gettempdir())).resolve()


def cleanup_stale_tempdirs(prefix: str = "extract_") -> None:
    """Delete any leftover extraction directories from previous crashes."""
    base = get_tmp_base()
    base.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    for entry in base.glob(f"{prefix}*"):
        if entry.is_dir():
            try:
                shutil.rmtree(entry, ignore_errors=True)
            except Exception:
                pass


def ensure_free_space_or_raise(path: Path, min_free_gb: float) -> None:
    """Raise if there is not enough free space at path."""
    if min_free_gb <= 0:
        return
    total, used, free = shutil.disk_usage(str(path))
    free_gb = free / (1024 ** 3)
    if free_gb < min_free_gb:
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"Insufficient free space at {path}: {free_gb:.1f} GB free "
            f"(required >= {min_free_gb:.1f} GB)."
        )


# =============================================================================
# Utilities: External extractors with resilient fallback
# =============================================================================

class ExtractError(Exception):
    """Raised when archive extraction fails with all strategies."""


def _run_cmd(cmd: list[str]) -> tuple[int, str, str]:
    p = subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
    return p.returncode, p.stdout, p.stderr


def extract_with_unar(archive_path: str, out_dir: str) -> None:
    os.makedirs(out_dir, exist_ok=True)
    rc, out, err = _run_cmd(["unar", "-o", out_dir, archive_path])
    if rc != 0:
        raise ExtractError(f"unar failed (rc={rc})\nSTDOUT:\n{out}\nSTDERR:\n{err}")


def extract_with_7z(archive_path: str, out_dir: str) -> None:
    os.makedirs(out_dir, exist_ok=True)
    rc, out, err = _run_cmd(["7z", "x", "-y", f"-o{out_dir}", archive_path])
    if rc != 0:
        raise ExtractError(f"7z failed (rc={rc})\nSTDOUT:\n{out}\nSTDERR:\n{err}")


def looks_password_protected_with_lsar(archive_path: str) -> bool:
    """Best-effort pre-check for 'Encrypted/Password' in lsar output."""
    try:
        rc, out, err = _run_cmd(["lsar", archive_path])
        txt = (out + "\n" + err).lower()
        return ("encrypted" in txt) or ("password" in txt)
    except Exception:
        return False


def extract_archive_resilient(archive_path: str, out_dir: str) -> None:
    """
    Prefer unar for RAR/CBR (RAR5-friendly); fallback to 7z.
    For other formats, try 7z first then unar.
    Surfaces stderr so logs show CRC/password/permissions issues.
    """
    lower = archive_path.lower()
    errors = []

    # Optional password hint to skip early
    if lower.endswith((".rar", ".cbr")) and looks_password_protected_with_lsar(archive_path):
        raise ExtractError("Archive appears password-protected; skipping (no password provided).")

    if lower.endswith((".rar", ".cbr")):
        order = (extract_with_unar, extract_with_7z)
    else:
        order = (extract_with_7z, extract_with_unar)

    for fn in order:
        try:
            fn(archive_path, out_dir)
            return
        except ExtractError as e:
            errors.append(str(e))

    raise ExtractError("Both extractors failed:\n" + "\n---\n".join(errors))


# =============================================================================
# Core: Import task & archive processing
# =============================================================================

def import_images_task(source_dir: str, dest_dir: str) -> str:
    """
    Walk the import tree, process archives first (only first volumes),
    then media files. Batches DB commits for efficiency.
    """
    # Cleanup any stale extraction dirs from previous runs/crashes
    cleanup_stale_tempdirs()

    imported: list[str] = []
    batch_size = 10
    batch_counter = 0

    # Preload existing pHashes to avoid N+1 lookups
    existing_phashes = [
        (imagehash.hex_to_hash(img.perceptual_hash), img.width, img.height)
        for img in ImageRecord.query.filter(ImageRecord.perceptual_hash != None).all()
    ]

    # Ensure thumbs base exists
    (Path(dest_dir) / "thumbs").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    # Optional free-space guard
    min_free = float(os.environ.get(ENV_MINFREE, "0") or "0")
    try:
        ensure_free_space_or_raise(get_tmp_base(), min_free)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[WARN] Free-space check failed: {e}")

    for artist_dir in os.listdir(source_dir):
        artist_path = os.path.join(source_dir, artist_dir)
        if not os.path.isdir(artist_path):
            continue

        for root, _, files in os.walk(artist_path):
            for file in files:
                full_path = os.path.join(root, file)
                lower = file.lower()

                # Archives first
                if lower.endswith(ALLOWED_ARCHIVE_EXTS):
                    if not is_first_volume(full_path):
                        print(f"[SKIP] Not first archive volume: {file}")
                        continue
                    try:
                        count = process_archive(
                            archive_path=full_path,
                            dest_dir=dest_dir,
                            artist=artist_dir,
                            existing_phashes=existing_phashes
                        )
                        imported.append(f"[archive]{file}:{count}")
                    except Exception as e:
                        print(f"[WARN] Failed processing archive {file}: {e}")
                    continue

                # Non-archive media
                if not lower.endswith(ALLOWED_MEDIA_EXTS):
                    continue

                added, phash, _rec = import_single_file(
                    src_path=full_path,
                    dest_dir=dest_dir,
                    artist=artist_dir,
                    existing_phashes=existing_phashes
                )
                if added:
                    imported.append(file)

                if phash:
                    md = extract_metadata(full_path)
                    if md.get("width") and md.get("height"):
                        existing_phashes.append((phash, md["width"], md["height"]))

                batch_counter += 1
                if batch_counter >= batch_size:
                    db.session.commit()
                    print(f"[INFO] Committed batch of {batch_size} items.")
                    batch_counter = 0
                    if "sqlite" in db.engine.url.drivername:
                        time.sleep(1)

    if batch_counter > 0:
        db.session.commit()
        print(f"[INFO] Committed final batch of {batch_counter} items.")

    summary = f"Imported {len(imported)} items."
    print(f"[INFO] {summary}")
    return summary


def process_archive(archive_path, dest_dir, artist, existing_phashes):
    """
    Extracts archive to temp dir, imports/tag existing images, and records ArchiveRecord.
    Creates an archive:* tag ONLY if at least one image was imported or tagged.
    Returns number of items imported or tagged.
    """
    archive_size = os.path.getsize(archive_path)
    archive_hash = calculate_hash(archive_path)

    # Skip if archive already processed
    existing_archive = ArchiveRecord.query.filter_by(hash=archive_hash).first()
    if existing_archive:
        print(f"[SKIP] Archive already imported: {archive_path}")
        return 0

    tag_name = f"archive:{artist}/{os.path.basename(archive_path)}"
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="extract_")

    touched_records = []   # ImageRecord objects we imported or matched
    imported_or_tagged = 0
    created_tag = None

    try:
        # Extract using pyunpack
        Archive(archive_path).extractall(tmpdir)

        # Import / collect all media
        for root, _, files in os.walk(tmpdir):
            for file in files:
                if not file.lower().endswith(ALLOWED_MEDIA_EXTS):
                    continue
                src_path = os.path.join(root, file)

                added, _phash, rec = import_single_file(
                    src_path=src_path,
                    dest_dir=dest_dir,
                    artist=artist,  # still used for auto artist:<name> tag
                    existing_phashes=existing_phashes,
                    commit=False
                )
                if rec is not None:
                    touched_records.append(rec)
                    if added:
                        imported_or_tagged += 1

        # Only now: create/attach the archive tag if we actually touched images
        if touched_records:
            created_tag = Tag.query.filter_by(name=tag_name).first()
            if not created_tag:
                created_tag = Tag(name=tag_name, kind='archive')
                db.session.add(created_tag)
                db.session.flush()

            newly_tagged = 0
            for rec in touched_records:
                if created_tag not in rec.tags:
                    rec.tags.append(created_tag)
                    newly_tagged += 1
            imported_or_tagged += newly_tagged

        # Record this archive as processed.
        arch = ArchiveRecord(
            filename=archive_path,
            file_size=archive_size,
            hash=archive_hash,
            artist=artist,
            tag=created_tag  # None if we had no media
        )
        db.session.add(arch)
        db.session.commit()

        print(f"[INFO] Archive processed: {archive_path} items={imported_or_tagged}")
        return imported_or_tagged

    finally:
        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir, ignore_errors=True)


# =============================================================================
# Core: Single-file import path (content-addressed storage)
# =============================================================================

def build_hashed_dest_path(target_dir: str, original_name: str, content_hash: str) -> str:
    """
    Always produce a content-addressed destination:
    <target>/<name_without_ext>__<hash[:10]><ext>
    If that path already exists, append a numeric suffix.
    """
    base, ext = os.path.splitext(original_name)
    candidate = os.path.join(target_dir, f"{base}__{content_hash[:10]}{ext}")
    if not os.path.exists(candidate):
        return candidate

    # Rare: collision (e.g., concurrent import) → add counter
    i = 2
    while True:
        candidate = os.path.join(target_dir, f"{base}__{content_hash[:10]}_{i}{ext}")
        if not os.path.exists(candidate):
            return candidate
        i += 1


def import_single_file(src_path: str, dest_dir: str, artist: str, existing_phashes, commit: bool = True):
    """
    Import a single media file. If an equivalent file already exists, return that
    record so callers can tag it (no duplicate import).
    Returns (added: bool, phash_or_None, record_or_None).
    """
    original_name = os.path.basename(src_path)
    print(f"[INFO] Processing: {src_path}")
    file_size = os.path.getsize(src_path)

    # Compute content hash first (authoritative de-dup + used in filepath)
    file_hash = calculate_hash(src_path)
    existing = ImageRecord.query.filter_by(hash=file_hash).first()
    if existing:
        print(f"[SKIP] Duplicate by hash: {original_name}")
        return (False, None, existing)

    # Optional info: same name+size (but different content) → we still import with hashed name
    existing_ns = ImageRecord.query.filter_by(filename=original_name, file_size=file_size).first()
    if existing_ns:
        print(f"[INFO] Same name+size exists but different hash; storing with hashed name: {original_name}")

    # Metadata & pHash similarity
    metadata = extract_metadata(src_path)
    if not metadata["width"] or not metadata["height"]:
        print(f"[SKIP] Missing dimension data for {original_name}")
        return (False, None, None)

    phash = calculate_perceptual_hash(src_path)
    if phash and is_similar_image(phash, metadata["width"], metadata["height"], existing_phashes):
        print(f"[SKIP] {original_name} is visually similar to an existing larger image.")
        return (False, phash, None)

    # Copy into /images/<artist>/<base>__<hash[:10]><ext>
    target_dir = os.path.join(dest_dir, artist)
    os.makedirs(target_dir, exist_ok=True)
    dest_path = build_hashed_dest_path(target_dir, original_name, file_hash)
    shutil.copy2(src_path, dest_path)

    # Thumbnails (mirrored for both images and videos)
    try:
        if dest_path.lower().endswith((".mp4", ".mov")):
            thumb_path = generate_video_thumbnail_mirrored(dest_path)
        else:
            thumb_path = generate_thumbnail(dest_path)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"[WARN] Failed to generate thumbnail for {original_name}: {e}")
        thumb_path = None

    # Create DB record (keep display name as original; filepath is content-addressed)
    record = ImageRecord(
        filename=original_name,
        filepath=dest_path,
        thumb_path=thumb_path,
        hash=file_hash,
        perceptual_hash=str(phash) if phash else None,
        file_size=metadata["file_size"],
        width=metadata["width"],
        height=metadata["height"],
        format=metadata["format"],
        camera_model=metadata["camera_model"],
        taken_at=metadata["taken_at"],
        imported_at=datetime.utcnow()
    )

    # Auto-tag with artist:<name> (treat artist as a tag only)
    if artist:
        artist_tag_name = f"artist:{artist}"
        artist_tag = Tag.query.filter_by(name=artist_tag_name).first()
        if not artist_tag:
            artist_tag = Tag(name=artist_tag_name, kind="artist")
            db.session.add(artist_tag)
            db.session.flush()
        if artist_tag not in record.tags:
            record.tags.append(artist_tag)


    db.session.add(record)
    if commit:
        db.session.commit()
    return (True, phash, record)


# =============================================================================
# Helpers: Thumbnails, metadata, hashing, similarity
# =============================================================================

def generate_thumbnail(image_path: str, size: tuple[int, int] = (400, 400), overwrite: bool = False) -> str:
    """
    Save thumbnails mirrored under /images/thumbs/<artist>/<unique_filename>.
    (unique_filename includes the hash suffix, so no collisions)
    """
    images_root = Path("/images").resolve()
    image_path = Path(image_path).resolve()
    rel_path = image_path.relative_to(images_root)  # raises if not under /images

    thumb_path = images_root / "thumbs" / rel_path
    thumb_path = thumb_path.with_suffix(".jpg") if thumb_path.suffix.lower() not in (".jpg", ".jpeg") else thumb_path
    thumb_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    if not overwrite and thumb_path.exists():
        return str(thumb_path)

    with Image.open(image_path) as img:
        img.thumbnail(size)
        img.save(thumb_path)

    return str(thumb_path)


def generate_video_thumbnail_mirrored(video_path: str, time_position: str = "00:00:01") -> str | None:
    """
    Mirror the stored (hashed) video path under /images/thumbs/... and save as .jpg.
    """
    images_root = Path("/images").resolve()
    video_path = Path(video_path).resolve()
    rel_path = video_path.relative_to(images_root)  # raises if not under /images
    thumb_path = (images_root / "thumbs" / rel_path).with_suffix(".jpg")
    thumb_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    cmd = [
        "ffmpeg", "-i", str(video_path), "-ss", time_position,
        "-vframes", "1", "-vf", f"scale={THUMB_SIZE[0]}:-1", str(thumb_path)
    ]
    try:
        subprocess.run(cmd, check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
        return str(thumb_path)
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print(f"[WARN] Failed to extract video thumbnail for {video_path}: {e}")
        return None


def calculate_hash(file_path: str) -> str:
    hash_func = hashlib.sha256()
    with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
        for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(1024 * 1024), b""):  # 1MB chunks work well for big files
            hash_func.update(chunk)
    return hash_func.hexdigest()


def calculate_perceptual_hash(file_path: str):
    try:
        with Image.open(file_path) as img:
            return imagehash.phash(img)
    except Exception:
        # videos or unreadable images land here (phash not applicable)
        return None


def is_similar_image(phash, width: int, height: int, existing_phashes, threshold: int = 2) -> bool:
    for existing, ew, eh in existing_phashes:
        try:
            distance = phash - existing
            if distance <= threshold and ew >= width and eh >= height:
                return True
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[WARN] Failed pHash comparison: {e}")
    return False


def extract_metadata(file_path: str) -> dict:
    metadata = {
        "file_size": None,
        "width": None,
        "height": None,
        "format": None,
        "camera_model": None,
        "taken_at": None
    }

    metadata["file_size"] = os.path.getsize(file_path)
    ext = os.path.splitext(file_path)[1].lower()

    # Video: use ffprobe
    if ext in (".mp4", ".mov"):
        try:
            cmd = [
                "ffprobe", "-v", "error",
                "-select_streams", "v:0",
                "-show_entries", "stream=width,height",
                "-of", "json", file_path
            ]
            result = subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, text=True, check=False)
            data = json.loads(result.stdout or "{}")
            stream = data.get("streams", [{}])[0]
            metadata["width"] = stream.get("width")
            metadata["height"] = stream.get("height")
            metadata["format"] = ext.lstrip(".")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"[WARN] Failed to extract video metadata: {file_path} – {e}")
        return metadata

    # Image: PIL + EXIF (best-effort)
    try:
        with Image.open(file_path) as img:
            metadata["width"], metadata["height"] = img.size
            metadata["format"] = (img.format or "").lower()
    except Exception as e:
        mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)
        print(f"[WARN] Failed to read image metadata: {file_path} ({e}) ext={ext} mime={mime_type}")

    try:
        with open(file_path, "rb") as f:
            tags = exifread.process_file(f, stop_tag="UNDEF", details=False)
        if "EXIF DateTimeOriginal" in tags:
            metadata["taken_at"] = datetime.strptime(str(tags["EXIF DateTimeOriginal"]), "%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S")
        if "Image Model" in tags:
            metadata["camera_model"] = str(tags["Image Model"])
    except Exception:
        pass

    return metadata


# =============================================================================
# Helpers: Multi-part detection
# =============================================================================

def is_first_volume(path: str) -> bool:
    """
    Determine if 'path' is the first volume of a multi-part archive.
    We only attempt extraction from the first volume.
    """
    name = os.path.basename(path).lower()

    # RAR: .partN.rar (only N==1 is first)
    m = RAR_PART_RE.search(name)
    if m:
        n = m.group(1)
        return n in ("1", "01", "001")

    # RAR old-style: first is .rar, subsequent are .r00, .r01...
    if name.endswith(".rar"):
        return True
    if OLD_RAR_VOL_RE.search(name):
        return False

    # CBR is typically a single-volume RAR
    if name.endswith(".cbr"):
        return True

    # 7z multi-part: .7z.001 is first
    m = SEVENZ_PART_RE.search(name)
    if m:
        n = m.group(1)
        return n in ("1", "01", "001")
    if name.endswith(".7z"):
        return True  # single-volume 7z

    # ZIP and tarballs: treat as single-volume (we don't include .z01 in our allowlist)
    if name.endswith((".zip", ".tar", ".tar.gz", ".tgz", ".tar.bz2", ".tbz2", ".tar.xz", ".txz")):
        return True

    return True