Two connection-recovery gaps, both surfaced by a Postgres restart that left the app throwing tracebacks while the DB itself was healthy. pool_pre_ping + pool_recycle on the app engine [#2626]: when the database restarts, every connection already in the pool is dead at the socket level. SQLAlchemy only discovered that by failing a real query, so the first operation after a restart errored out on whatever triggered it. pre_ping checks liveness on checkout and swaps the dead connection transparently; pool_recycle caps connection age so a socket stranded by a NAT/conntrack timeout or a Docker network rebuild is retired on a timer instead. wait_for_database() gate at startup [#2627]: create_app touches the DB synchronously (migrations, secret re-encryption, settings load) and assumed it was both resolvable and accepting connections on the first try. Neither holds after a host reboot (Docker DNS not yet serving `db` -> gaierror -2) or an unclean shutdown (Postgres still replaying WAL -> "not yet accepting connections"). Both are transient, so retry with capped backoff behind one gate ahead of the first DB touch. Credential and missing-database errors are classified by SQLSTATE and still fail immediately -- waiting cannot fix those. Budget is bootstrap-configurable (STEWARD_DB_CONNECT_TIMEOUT / database.connect_timeout, default 60s) since it governs reaching the DB and so cannot live in the DB-backed settings. Tests drive the retry loop off a fake clock, so backoff and timeout behaviour are deterministic rather than wall-clock dependent. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>