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Follow-up to the incident where an unwritable /data made Steward silently mint a fresh ephemeral secret key on every boot, orphaning all encrypted secrets — only discovered when an Ansible run failed. Make both failure modes loud and visible. - config._resolve_secret_key: if a new key must be generated but can't be persisted (no STEWARD_SECRET_KEY, unwritable /data), raise RuntimeError and refuse to start, with an actionable fix (set STEWARD_SECRET_KEY, or make /data writable by uid 1000). Also raises a clear error if an existing key file can't be read. First-run on a writable volume still generates + persists normally. - core.settings: detect secrets stored as ciphertext that won't decrypt with the current key (scan_undecryptable_secrets at startup; _is_undecryptable helper). Cached in memory; set_setting discards a key on a fresh write so the banner clears without a restart. - app.py: run the scan after migrate_plaintext_secrets, log a warning, and inject undecryptable_secrets into the template context. - base.html: admin banner naming which secrets to re-enter, each linked to its settings tab. - compose.deploy.yml: document the uid-1000 /data write requirement and the STEWARD_SECRET_KEY option for multi-node Swarm. - Tests: secret-key resolver (reuse existing file, generate when writable, raise when unpersistable) and the undecryptable-secret detection helper. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_016Jg27rgypiW2efULXJDtMC