# Architecture

Steward is a single Quart (async Python) process. There are no separate worker processes, no message brokers, and no build pipeline for the frontend. All monitoring, scheduling, and request handling runs on a single asyncio event loop.

---

## Startup Sequence

`create_app()` in `steward/app.py` runs these steps synchronously before the event loop starts:

| Step | What happens |
|---|---|
| 1 | Bootstrap config loaded (`database_url`, `secret_key`, `plugin_dir`) |
| 2 | SQLAlchemy async engine and session factory attached to `app` |
| 3 | Core Alembic migrations applied (creates `app_settings` table among others) |
| 4 | All settings loaded from `app_settings` DB table into `app.config` |
| 5 | Each enabled plugin's Alembic migrations applied |
| 6 | Alert pipeline initialised (`init_alerts(app)` stores app ref for deferred notifications) |
| 7 | Core blueprints registered (auth, dashboard, hosts, ping, dns, alerts, ansible, settings) |
| 8 | Core scheduled tasks registered into `app._task_registry` |
| 9 | Plugins loaded via `load_plugins(app)` — blueprints and tasks appended |
| 10 | `/health` endpoint registered |
| 11 | `before_serving` hook starts the scheduler as an `asyncio.create_task()` |

The two-phase migration approach (step 3 core → step 4 load settings → step 5 plugins) exists because plugin enabling is stored in the settings DB, which requires the core schema to exist first.

---

## Request Routing

All routes are Quart Blueprints registered in `app.py`:

| Prefix | Blueprint | Module |
|---|---|---|
| `/auth/` | `auth_bp` | `steward/auth/routes.py` |
| `/` | `dashboard_bp` | `steward/dashboard/routes.py` |
| `/hosts/` | `hosts_bp` | `steward/hosts/routes.py` |
| `/ping/` | `ping_bp` | `steward/ping/routes.py` |
| `/dns/` | `dns_bp` | `steward/dns/routes.py` |
| `/alerts/` | `alerts_bp` | `steward/alerts/routes.py` |
| `/ansible/` | `ansible_bp` | `steward/ansible/routes.py` |
| `/settings/` | `settings_bp` | `steward/settings/routes.py` |
| `/plugins/<name>/` | plugin blueprint | `plugins/<name>/routes.py` |

Plugin blueprints are mounted automatically by `load_plugins()` using the plugin directory name as the URL prefix.

---

## Scheduler

`steward/core/scheduler.py` exports two things:

- `ScheduledTask` dataclass — holds a `name`, `coro_factory` (zero-argument callable returning a coroutine), `interval_seconds`, and optional `run_on_startup` flag
- `start_scheduler(tasks)` — async function that loops every second, calling `asyncio.create_task()` for each task whose interval has elapsed

Tasks are never awaited serially — each runs as a fully independent asyncio task. Exceptions inside tasks are caught and logged; they do not crash other tasks or the app.

Core tasks registered in `app._task_registry`:
- `ping_monitor` — runs every `monitors.poll_interval_seconds` (default 60s), `run_on_startup=True`
- `dns_monitor` — same interval, `run_on_startup=True`
- `data_cleanup` — runs hourly, `run_on_startup=False`
- `ansible_git_pull_<name>` — one per configured Git source, interval from source config

---

## Database Session Pattern

`app.db_sessionmaker` is an SQLAlchemy `async_sessionmaker`. All DB access follows this pattern:

```python
async with current_app.db_sessionmaker() as session:
    async with session.begin():
        # queries and writes here
        # transaction commits on exit, rolls back on exception
```

Sessions are never shared across request boundaries or between tasks.

---

## Config Two-Layer Design

There are exactly two config layers:

1. **Bootstrap** (`config.yaml` + env vars) — `database_url`, `secret_key`, `plugin_dir` only. Read once at startup before the event loop.
2. **App settings** (`app_settings` DB table) — everything else: SMTP, webhooks, Ansible sources, monitor intervals, ping thresholds, plugin config. Read at startup via `load_settings_sync()` and written via the Settings UI at runtime.

This means the only file you must touch to get the app running is the database URL. Everything else can be configured through the web UI.

---

## Frontend Approach

No JavaScript framework, no build step. The frontend is:

- **Jinja2 templates** rendered server-side (`steward/templates/`)
- **HTMX** for live-updating fragments (dashboard widgets, ping pills, DNS status)
- A single CSS design system in `steward/templates/base.html` using CSS custom properties

Live-updating widgets use HTMX polling:
```html
<div hx-get="/ping/rows" hx-trigger="load, every 30s" hx-swap="innerHTML">
```

Fragment endpoints (`/ping/rows`, `/dns/rows`, `/plugins/traefik/widget`) return partial HTML that HTMX swaps in without a full page reload.