feat(timeline): record a change by hand from the Timeline, a host's page or MCP log_change (#6350)

A change Steward can't see happen (a config edited, a disk swapped) is
recorded by whoever made it: what was done, its area, when (in the reader's
own zone), the hosts, what it was done to and a detail. Its author or an
admin edits or deletes it; recording, editing and deleting are audited and
those audit rows stay off the timeline. log_change records one as
"<user> via MCP", editable by the token's user.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

steward/audit/service.py

@@ -94,6 +94,12 @@ async def entity_labels(db, items: list[dict]) -> dict[tuple[str, str], dict]:
                 labels[(etype, r.id)] = {
                     "label": run_title(r.playbook_path, scopes.get(r.inventory_scope, r.inventory_scope)),
                     "url": f"/ansible/runs/{r.id}", "gone": False}
+        elif etype == "timeline_entry":
+            from steward.models.timeline import TimelineEntry
+            for row_id, summary in (await db.execute(
+                    select(TimelineEntry.id, TimelineEntry.summary)
+                    .where(TimelineEntry.id.in_(list(wanted))))).all():
+                labels[(etype, row_id)] = {"label": summary, "url": None, "gone": False}
         elif etype in _SELF_NAMED:
             for i in wanted:
                 labels[(etype, i)] = {"label": i, "url": _SELF_NAMED[etype], "gone": False}
@@ -206,6 +212,9 @@ ACTIONS = {
     "syslog.pattern_added": "added syslog pattern",
     "syslog.pattern_updated": "changed syslog pattern",
     "syslog.pattern_removed": "removed syslog pattern",
+    "timeline.change_recorded": "recorded a change:",
+    "timeline.change_edited": "edited the recorded change",
+    "timeline.change_deleted": "deleted the recorded change",
     "backup.made": "sent a backup",
     "backup.failed": "tried to send a backup, which failed:",
     "backup.restored": "restored Steward from a backup",
@@ -218,7 +227,7 @@ AREAS = (("auth.", "Sign-ins"), ("account.", "Accounts"), ("user.", "Users"), ("
          ("ansible.run", "Playbook runs"), ("ansible.", "Ansible (all)"),
          ("settings.", "Settings"), ("plugin.", "Plugins"), ("api_token.", "AI access"),
          ("docker.", "Docker"), ("snmp.", "SNMP"), ("prometheus.", "Prometheus"),
-         ("syslog.", "Syslog"), ("backup.", "Backups"))
+         ("syslog.", "Syslog"), ("backup.", "Backups"), ("timeline.", "Timeline"))
 
 
 def action_text(action: str) -> str:

steward/mcp/tools/timeline.py

@@ -1,13 +1,39 @@
-"""The timeline: everything that happened to the infrastructure, in one list."""
+"""The timeline: everything that happened to the infrastructure, in one
+list, and changes recorded on it by hand."""
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+from steward.mcp._context import current_caller
 from steward.models.timeline import TimelineEntry
 from steward.models.users import UserRole
-from steward.timeline import catalog, config as tl_config, service as tl
+from steward.timeline import catalog, changes, config as tl_config, service as tl
 
+from ._audit import audit_mcp, mcp_username
 from ._shape import age_s, bounded, clamp_limit, db_session, iso, lookback
 
 
+def _entry(v: dict) -> dict:
+    e = v["entry"]
+    return {
+        "entry_id": e.id,
+        "at": iso(e.at),
+        "age_s": age_s(e.at),
+        "until": iso(e.until),
+        "type": e.type,
+        "kind": v["kind"],
+        "area": v["area"],
+        "summary": e.summary,
+        "note": v["note"],
+        "hosts": e.hosts,
+        "subject": e.subject,
+        "by": e.actor,
+        "url": v["url"],
+        "details_kept": not v["gone"],
+        "ref": {"type": e.ref_type, "id": e.ref_id} if e.ref_type else None,
+    }
+
+
 async def get_timeline(host: str = "", area: str = "", kind: str = "", type: str = "",
                        range: str = "7d", include_hidden: bool = False, limit: int = 50) -> dict:
     """What happened to the infrastructure, newest first, from every source in
@@ -48,25 +74,7 @@ async def get_timeline(host: str = "", area: str = "", kind: str = "", type: str
         rows = (await db.execute(stmt.order_by(TimelineEntry.at.desc(), TimelineEntry.id.desc())
                                  .limit(limit + 1))).scalars().all()
         items = await tl.views(db, cfg, rows)
-    entries = [
-        {
-            "at": iso(v["entry"].at),
-            "age_s": age_s(v["entry"].at),
-            "until": iso(v["entry"].until),
-            "type": v["entry"].type,
-            "kind": v["kind"],
-            "area": v["area"],
-            "summary": v["entry"].summary,
-            "note": v["note"],
-            "hosts": v["entry"].hosts,
-            "subject": v["entry"].subject,
-            "by": v["entry"].actor,
-            "url": v["url"],
-            "details_kept": not v["gone"],
-            "ref": {"type": v["entry"].ref_type, "id": v["entry"].ref_id} if v["entry"].ref_type else None,
-        }
-        for v in items
-    ]
+    entries = [_entry(v) for v in items]
     out = {"range": key, **bounded(entries, limit, key="entries"),
            "areas": dict(cfg.labels), "types": sorted(catalog.TYPES)}
     if out["truncated"]:
@@ -76,5 +84,67 @@ async def get_timeline(host: str = "", area: str = "", kind: str = "", type: str
     return out
 
 
+def _area(cfg, area: str) -> str:
+    """An area by its key or its label, as Settings → Timeline names it."""
+    want = (area or "").strip().lower()
+    for key, label in cfg.areas:
+        if want in (key, label.lower()):
+            return key
+    raise ValueError(f"area {area!r} is not one of {', '.join(cfg.labels)} (get_timeline lists them).")
+
+
+async def log_change(summary: str, area: str, hosts: list[str] | str | None = None, subject: str = "",
+                     detail: str = "", at: str = "") -> dict:
+    """Record on the timeline a change Steward can't see happen: a config
+    edited by hand, a package installed, a disk swapped, a service moved, a
+    setting changed in another system. Record one whenever you, or the person
+    you work with, change the infrastructure outside Steward's own tools, so
+    "what changed on this host lately?" has the answer later. Playbook runs,
+    maintenance, deploys and Steward's own settings are recorded already.
+
+    summary: what was done, one line (up to 300 characters), e.g. "Moved
+      Postgres data to the new SSD".
+    area: what part of the infrastructure it is about, by key or label:
+      service, host_os, hardware, storage, network, security, monitoring, as
+      Settings → Timeline names them (get_timeline's `areas`).
+    hosts: the host(s) it was done on, by exact name (list_hosts); none for a
+      change not on any one host.
+    subject: what it was done to, when that is not a host: a container, a
+      service, a file ("postgres", "/etc/fstab").
+    detail: why and how, and anything worth knowing if it goes wrong (up to
+      4000 characters).
+    at: when it was done, ISO-8601 (a time with no zone is UTC); default now.
+
+    Shown as by "<you> via MCP"; the person whose token this is can edit or
+    delete it from the Timeline page. Recorded in the audit log.
+    """
+    if isinstance(hosts, str):
+        hosts = hosts.split(",")
+    when = None
+    if (at or "").strip():
+        try:
+            when = datetime.fromisoformat(at.strip().replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ValueError(f"at {at!r} is not an ISO-8601 time, e.g. 2026-10-06T22:00:00Z.") from None
+        when = when if when.tzinfo else when.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    caller = current_caller()
+    async with db_session() as db:
+        async with db.begin():
+            cfg = await tl_config.load(db)
+            try:
+                f = await changes.fields(db, cfg, summary=summary, area=_area(cfg, area), hosts=hosts or [],
+                                         subject=subject, note=detail, at=when)
+            except ValueError as exc:
+                if "No host is named" in str(exc):
+                    raise ValueError(f"{exc} list_hosts gives the names.") from None
+                raise
+            entry = changes.log(db, f, author_id=caller.user_id, actor=mcp_username(caller.username))
+        [v] = await tl.views(db, cfg, [entry])
+    await audit_mcp("timeline.change_recorded", "timeline_entry", entry.id,
+                    {"name": entry.summary, "hosts": entry.hosts, "area": entry.area})
+    return _entry(v)
+
+
 def register(register_tool) -> None:
     register_tool(get_timeline, role=UserRole.viewer, read_only=True)
+    register_tool(log_change, role=UserRole.operator)

steward/templates/timeline/_entry.html

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 {# One timeline entry's parts, shared by the Timeline page and a host's card.
    `item` is a timeline.service.view() row. #}
 
-{# What happened: its kind, the sentence, a note, and the full record while it is kept. #}
-{% macro entry_what(item) -%}
+{# What happened: its kind, the sentence, a note, and the full record while it
+   is kept; a change the reader recorded (or any, for an admin) can be edited,
+   returning to `back`. #}
+{% macro entry_what(item, back="/timeline/") -%}
 {%- set e = item.entry -%}
 <div>
   {%- if item.kind_label %}<span class="tone-dim">{{ item.kind_label }} · </span>{% endif -%}
   {{ e.summary }}
 </div>
-{%- if item.note %}<div class="field-hint">{{ item.note }}</div>{% endif %}
+{%- if item.note %}<div class="field-hint" style="white-space:pre-line;">{{ item.note }}</div>{% endif %}
 {%- if item.url %}<div class="field-hint"><a href="{{ item.url }}">Details</a></div>
 {%- elif item.gone %}<div class="field-hint">Details no longer kept</div>{% endif %}
+{%- if item.editable %}<div class="field-hint"><a href="/timeline/changes/{{ e.id }}/edit?back={{ back|urlencode }}">Edit</a></div>{% endif %}
 {%- endmacro %}
 
 {# Where: the hosts it happened on, each linked to its timeline, and what it happened to. #}

steward/templates/timeline/_host_card.html

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@
 <section class="card" aria-labelledby="host-history">
   <div style="display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;">
     <h3 id="host-history" class="section-title">History</h3>
-    <a class="field-hint" href="/timeline/?host={{ host.name|urlencode }}">All of {{ host.name }}'s history</a>
+    <span class="field-hint">
+      {%- if session.user_role in ('operator', 'admin') %}<a href="/timeline/changes/new?host={{ host.name|urlencode }}&amp;back={{ ('/hosts/' ~ host.id)|urlencode }}">Record a change</a> · {% endif -%}
+      <a href="/timeline/?host={{ host.name|urlencode }}">All of {{ host.name }}'s history</a>
+    </span>
   </div>
   {% if items %}
   <table class="table">
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@
       {% for item in items %}
       <tr>
         <td class="nowrap" style="width:1%;">{{ item.entry.at|when }}</td>
-        <td>{{ entry_what(item) }}</td>
+        <td>{{ entry_what(item, '/hosts/' ~ host.id) }}</td>
         <td class="nowrap" style="width:1%;">{{ item.entry.actor }}</td>
       </tr>
       {% endfor %}

steward/templates/timeline/_rows.html

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
       {% if item.opens_group %}<tr class="table-divider"><th colspan="5" scope="rowgroup">{{ item.group }}</th></tr>{% endif %}
       <tr>
         <td class="nowrap">{{ e.at|when }}</td>
-        <td>{{ entry_what(item) }}</td>
+        <td>{{ entry_what(item, back) }}</td>
         <td>{{ entry_where(e) }}</td>
         <td class="nowrap">{{ e.actor }}</td>
         <td class="nowrap"><span class="chip">{{ item.area_label }}</span></td>

steward/templates/timeline/change_form.html

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+{# timeline/change_form.html — record a change by hand, or edit one (timeline.changes):
+   what was done, the area it is about, the hosts, when, and any detail. Saving
+   returns to `back`, the page the form was opened from. #}
+{% extends "base.html" %}
+{% from "_macros.html" import crumbs, page_header %}
+{% set title = "Edit a recorded change" if entry else "Record a change" %}
+{% block title %}{{ title }} — Timeline — Steward{% endblock %}
+{% block breadcrumb %}{{ crumbs([("Timeline", "/timeline/"), (title, "")]) }}{% endblock %}
+{% block content %}
+{{ page_header(title, "Something Steward can't see happen: a config edited, a disk swapped, a service moved.") }}
+
+{% if error %}<div class="alert alert-error" role="alert">{{ error }}</div>{% endif %}
+
+<form method="post" action="{{ '/timeline/changes/' ~ entry.id if entry else '/timeline/changes' }}" class="form-page">{{ csrf_field() }}
+  <input type="hidden" name="back" value="{{ back }}">
+  <section class="card form-section" aria-labelledby="chg-what">
+    <h2 id="chg-what" class="section-title">The change</h2>
+    <div class="field">
+      <label class="field-label" for="chg-summary">What was done</label>
+      <input class="input" id="chg-summary" type="text" name="summary" value="{{ values.summary }}"
+             maxlength="300" required autofocus placeholder="e.g. Moved Postgres data to the new SSD">
+    </div>
+    <div class="field">
+      <label class="field-label" for="chg-area">Area</label>
+      <select class="input" id="chg-area" name="area" required>
+        <option value="">— pick one —</option>
+        {% for key, label in areas %}<option value="{{ key }}"{% if values.area == key %} selected{% endif %}>{{ label }}</option>{% endfor %}
+      </select>
+      <span class="field-hint">What part of the infrastructure it is about.</span>
+    </div>
+    <div class="field">
+      <label class="field-label" for="chg-at">When ({{ tz_label() }})</label>
+      <input class="input" id="chg-at" type="datetime-local" name="at" value="{{ values.at }}" required>
+    </div>
+    <div class="field">
+      <label class="field-label" for="chg-subject">What it was done to <span class="tone-dim">(optional)</span></label>
+      <input class="input" id="chg-subject" type="text" name="subject" value="{{ values.subject }}"
+             maxlength="255" placeholder="e.g. postgres, the core switch, /etc/fstab">
+    </div>
+    <div class="field">
+      <label class="field-label" for="chg-note">Detail <span class="tone-dim">(optional)</span></label>
+      <textarea class="input" id="chg-note" name="note" rows="4" maxlength="4000"
+                placeholder="Why, how, and anything to know if it goes wrong.">{{ values.note }}</textarea>
+    </div>
+  </section>
+
+  <section class="card form-section" aria-labelledby="chg-hosts">
+    <h2 id="chg-hosts" class="section-title">Hosts</h2>
+    <p class="field-hint">The change shows in each ticked host's history. Tick none for a change not on any one host.</p>
+    {% if hosts %}
+    <div class="check-list">
+      {% for h in hosts %}
+      <label class="field-check">
+        <input type="checkbox" name="hosts" value="{{ h }}"{% if h in values.hosts %} checked{% endif %}>
+        <span>{{ h }}</span>
+      </label>
+      {% endfor %}
+    </div>
+    {% else %}
+    <p class="tone-muted">No hosts yet.</p>
+    {% endif %}
+  </section>
+
+  <div class="form-actions">
+    <button type="submit" class="btn">{{ "Save" if entry else "Record the change" }}</button>
+    <a href="{{ back }}" class="btn btn-ghost">Cancel</a>
+  </div>
+</form>
+
+{% if entry %}
+<section class="card danger-zone" aria-labelledby="chg-delete">
+  <div>
+    <h2 id="chg-delete" class="section-title">Delete this change</h2>
+    <p class="field-hint">Recorded by {{ entry.actor }}. Deleting takes it off the timeline; the audit log keeps that it was.</p>
+  </div>
+  <form method="post" action="/timeline/changes/{{ entry.id }}/delete"
+        data-confirm="Delete “{{ entry.summary }}” from the timeline?">{{ csrf_field() }}
+    <input type="hidden" name="back" value="{{ back }}">
+    <button class="btn btn-danger" type="submit">Delete</button>
+  </form>
+</section>
+{% endif %}
+{% endblock %}

steward/templates/timeline/list.html

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 {% block title %}Timeline — Steward{% endblock %}
 {% block content %}
 {% call page_header("Timeline", "What happened, newest first: alerts, playbook runs and changes, on every host.") %}
+  {% if session.user_role in ('operator', 'admin') %}<a class="btn btn-sm" href="/timeline/changes/new?{{ ({'host': filters.host, 'back': back} if filters.host else {'back': back})|urlencode }}">Record a change</a>{% endif %}
   {% if session.user_role == 'admin' %}<a class="btn btn-ghost btn-sm" href="/settings/timeline/">Areas and types</a>{% endif %}
 {% endcall %}
 

steward/timeline/catalog.py

@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ for _t in (
      "What an alert rule watches stopped reporting."),
     ("alert.resumed", "Readings resumed", "alert", "monitoring", True,
      "What an alert rule watches reported again after a silence."),
+    ("change.recorded", "Change recorded", "change", "service", True,
+     "A change someone recorded by hand, on the Timeline or a host's page, or through MCP."),
     ("ansible.changed", "Playbook changed something", "automation", "host_os", True,
      "A playbook run finished and changed at least one host."),
     ("ansible.unchanged", "Playbook changed nothing", "automation", "host_os", False,
@@ -145,6 +147,8 @@ _AUDIT_TYPES = (
     ("account.time_zone", None), ("account.email", None),
     ("host_agent.maintenance_plan", "steward.config"), ("host_agent.maintenance", None),
     ("docker.prune.", None),
+    # A change recorded by hand is on the timeline as itself (timeline.changes).
+    ("timeline.change", None),
     ("auth.login", "steward.signin"), ("auth.setup", "steward.config"),
     ("account.", "steward.access"), ("user.", "steward.access"), ("api_token.", "steward.access"),
     ("backup.", "steward.backup"),

steward/timeline/changes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+"""Changes a person or an agent records by hand: a config edited on a host, a
+disk swapped, a service moved. Steward can't see these happen, so whoever
+made the change writes it down, from the Timeline page, a host's page, or
+the log_change MCP tool.
+
+Each is one entry of type change.recorded, sorted under the area its author
+picked. Its author can edit or delete it, and so can an admin; the entry
+keeps the author's user id in its detail for that. Writing, editing and
+deleting are audited, but the audit rows stay off the timeline, which holds
+the change itself (catalog.audit_type).
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+
+from sqlalchemy import select
+
+from .config import Config
+from .record import record
+from steward.models.timeline import TimelineEntry
+
+TYPE = "change.recorded"
+SUMMARY_MAX = 300
+NOTE_MAX = 4000
+SUBJECT_MAX = 255
+# A change is recorded once it is made; a clock a little ahead is allowed for.
+_AHEAD = timedelta(minutes=5)
+
+
+async def fields(db, cfg: Config, *, summary: str, area: str, hosts=(), subject: str = "",
+                 note: str = "", at: datetime | None = None, now: datetime | None = None) -> dict:
+    """The entry's fields, checked: a summary, an area Settings → Timeline
+    lists, hosts Steward knows by name, and a time not in the future. Raises
+    ValueError saying what to fix."""
+    now = now or datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+    summary = " ".join((summary or "").split())
+    if not summary:
+        raise ValueError("Say what was done.")
+    if len(summary) > SUMMARY_MAX:
+        raise ValueError(f"Keep what was done to {SUMMARY_MAX} characters; put the rest in the detail.")
+    if area not in cfg.labels:
+        raise ValueError(f"Pick an area: {', '.join(cfg.labels.values())}.")
+    from steward.models.hosts import Host
+    wanted = sorted({h.strip() for h in hosts if h and h.strip()})
+    known = set((await db.execute(select(Host.name).where(Host.name.in_(wanted)))).scalars()) if wanted else set()
+    unknown = [h for h in wanted if h not in known]
+    if unknown:
+        raise ValueError(f"No host is named {', '.join(unknown)}.")
+    note = (note or "").strip()
+    if len(note) > NOTE_MAX:
+        raise ValueError(f"Keep the detail to {NOTE_MAX} characters.")
+    at = at or now
+    if at > now + _AHEAD:
+        raise ValueError("A change is recorded once it is made; pick a time that has passed.")
+    return {"summary": summary, "area": area, "hosts": wanted,
+            "subject": (subject or "").strip()[:SUBJECT_MAX] or None, "note": note or None, "at": at}
+
+
+def log(db, f: dict, *, author_id: str | None, actor: str) -> TimelineEntry:
+    """Add the entry `fields` checked, written by `actor` ("<user>" or
+    "<user> via MCP")."""
+    return record(db, type=TYPE, at=f["at"], summary=f["summary"], area=f["area"], hosts=f["hosts"],
+                  subject=f["subject"], actor=actor, detail=_detail(f, author_id))
+
+
+def edit(entry: TimelineEntry, f: dict) -> None:
+    author_id = (entry.detail or {}).get("author_id")
+    entry.at, entry.summary, entry.area = f["at"], f["summary"], f["area"]
+    entry.hosts, entry.subject = f["hosts"], f["subject"]
+    entry.detail = _detail(f, author_id)
+
+
+def _detail(f: dict, author_id: str | None) -> dict:
+    return {"note": f["note"], "author_id": author_id}
+
+
+def can_edit(entry: TimelineEntry, user_id: str | None, role: str | None) -> bool:
+    """Whether this reader may edit or delete `entry`: a recorded change,
+    by its author or an admin."""
+    if entry.type != TYPE or not user_id:
+        return False
+    return role == "admin" or (entry.detail or {}).get("author_id") == user_id
+
+
+async def get(db, entry_id: str) -> TimelineEntry | None:
+    entry = await db.get(TimelineEntry, entry_id)
+    return entry if entry is not None and entry.type == TYPE else None

steward/timeline/routes.py

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from quart import Blueprint, current_app, redirect, render_template, request, session, url_for
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+from quart import Blueprint, abort, current_app, redirect, render_template, request, session, url_for
 from sqlalchemy import select
 
 from steward.audit.service import mark_day_groups
-from steward.auth.middleware import require_role
+from steward.auth.middleware import require_role, safe_next_url
 from steward.core import formatting as fmt
 from steward.core.audit import audit_request
 from steward.core.paging import keyset, next_page
 from steward.models.hosts import Host
 from steward.models.timeline import TimelineEntry
 from steward.models.users import UserRole
-from steward.timeline import catalog, config as tl_config, service as tl
+from steward.timeline import catalog, changes, config as tl_config, service as tl
 
 timeline_bp = Blueprint("timeline", __name__)
 
@@ -34,14 +37,15 @@ async def timeline():
                         include_hidden=f["hidden"])
         stmt = keyset(stmt, TimelineEntry.at, TimelineEntry.id, request.args.get("before"))
         rows, after = next_page((await db.execute(stmt)).scalars().all(), lambda e: (e.at, e.id))
-        items = await tl.views(db, cfg, rows)
+        items = _editable(await tl.views(db, cfg, rows))
         hosts = [] if request.args.get("before") else \
             list((await db.execute(select(Host.name).order_by(Host.name))).scalars())
     last_group = mark_day_groups(items, fmt.zone(session.get("tz")), request.args.get("group", ""),
                                  at=lambda item: item["entry"].at)
     keep = {k: v for k, v in (("host", f["host"]), ("area", f["area"]), ("kind", f["kind"]),
                               ("hidden", "1" if f["hidden"] else "")) if v}
-    ctx = {"items": items, "after": after, "last_group": last_group, "filters": f, "keep": keep,
+    back = "/timeline/" + ("?" + urlencode(keep) if keep else "")
+    ctx = {"items": items, "after": after, "last_group": last_group, "filters": f, "keep": keep, "back": back,
            "areas": cfg.areas, "kinds": catalog.KINDS,
            "hosts": hosts if not f["host"] or f["host"] in hosts else [f["host"], *hosts]}
     if request.args.get("before"):
@@ -58,10 +62,149 @@ async def host_card(host_id: str):
         if host is None:
             return "", 404
         cfg = await tl_config.load(db)
-        items = await tl.recent_for_host(db, cfg, host.name)
+        items = _editable(await tl.recent_for_host(db, cfg, host.name))
     return await render_template("timeline/_host_card.html", host=host, items=items)
 
 
+def _editable(items: list[dict]) -> list[dict]:
+    """Mark the entries this reader may edit: changes they recorded, or any as an admin."""
+    for item in items:
+        item["editable"] = changes.can_edit(item["entry"], session.get("user_id"), session.get("user_role"))
+    return items
+
+
+# ── Changes recorded by hand ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _local(value: str | None) -> datetime | None:
+    """A datetime-local field, in the reader's own zone."""
+    value = (value or "").strip()
+    if not value:
+        return None
+    try:
+        local = datetime.fromisoformat(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise ValueError(f"{value!r} is not a date and time.") from None
+    return local.replace(tzinfo=fmt.zone(session.get("tz"))).astimezone(timezone.utc)
+
+
+def _as_local(when: datetime) -> str:
+    return when.astimezone(fmt.zone(session.get("tz"))).strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M")
+
+
+async def _change_page(db, cfg, *, values: dict, entry=None, back: str, error: str | None = None,
+                       status: int = 200):
+    from steward.models.hosts import Host
+    hosts = list((await db.execute(select(Host.name).order_by(Host.name))).scalars())
+    # A host named by an entry and since removed stays ticked, so a save keeps it.
+    hosts += [h for h in values["hosts"] if h not in hosts]
+    return await render_template("timeline/change_form.html", values=values, entry=entry, back=back,
+                                 error=error, hosts=hosts, areas=cfg.areas), status
+
+
+def _back(raw: str | None) -> str:
+    """Where saving returns: the page the form was opened from, else the timeline."""
+    return safe_next_url(raw) or "/timeline/"
+
+
+async def _checked(db, cfg) -> tuple[dict | None, dict, str, str | None]:
+    """(fields, values, back, error) from the posted form: the fields
+    changes.fields checked, or None and why not, with the form's own values
+    to show again."""
+    form = await request.form
+    values = {"summary": form.get("summary", ""), "area": form.get("area", ""),
+              "hosts": form.getlist("hosts"), "subject": form.get("subject", ""),
+              "note": form.get("note", ""), "at": form.get("at", "")}
+    back = _back(form.get("back"))
+    try:
+        f = await changes.fields(db, cfg, summary=values["summary"], area=values["area"],
+                                 hosts=values["hosts"], subject=values["subject"],
+                                 note=values["note"], at=_local(values["at"]))
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        return None, values, back, str(exc)
+    return f, values, back, None
+
+
+@timeline_bp.get("/timeline/changes/new")
+@require_role(UserRole.operator)
+async def new_change():
+    """The form for recording a change; ?host= ticks a host, ?back= is where saving returns."""
+    host = request.args.get("host", "").strip()
+    values = {"summary": "", "area": "", "hosts": [host] if host else [], "subject": "", "note": "",
+              "at": _as_local(datetime.now(timezone.utc))}
+    async with current_app.db_sessionmaker() as db:
+        cfg = await tl_config.load(db)
+        return await _change_page(db, cfg, values=values, back=_back(request.args.get("back")))
+
+
+@timeline_bp.post("/timeline/changes")
+@require_role(UserRole.operator)
+async def record_change():
+    async with current_app.db_sessionmaker() as db:
+        async with db.begin():
+            cfg = await tl_config.load(db)
+            f, values, back, error = await _checked(db, cfg)
+            if error:
+                return await _change_page(db, cfg, values=values, back=back, error=error, status=400)
+            entry = changes.log(db, f, author_id=session.get("user_id"), actor=session.get("username", ""))
+    await audit_request("timeline.change_recorded", entity_type="timeline_entry", entity_id=entry.id,
+                        detail={"name": entry.summary, "hosts": entry.hosts, "area": entry.area})
+    return redirect(back)
+
+
+async def _own(db, entry_id: str):
+    """The recorded change `entry_id`, when this reader may edit it; else 404 or 403."""
+    entry = await changes.get(db, entry_id)
+    if entry is None:
+        abort(404)
+    if not changes.can_edit(entry, session.get("user_id"), session.get("user_role")):
+        abort(403)
+    return entry
+
+
+@timeline_bp.get("/timeline/changes/<entry_id>/edit")
+@require_role(UserRole.operator)
+async def edit_change(entry_id: str):
+    async with current_app.db_sessionmaker() as db:
+        entry = await _own(db, entry_id)
+        cfg = await tl_config.load(db)
+        values = {"summary": entry.summary, "area": entry.area, "hosts": list(entry.hosts),
+                  "subject": entry.subject or "", "note": (entry.detail or {}).get("note") or "",
+                  "at": _as_local(entry.at)}
+        return await _change_page(db, cfg, values=values, entry=entry,
+                                  back=_back(request.args.get("back")))
+
+
+@timeline_bp.post("/timeline/changes/<entry_id>")
+@require_role(UserRole.operator)
+async def save_change(entry_id: str):
+    async with current_app.db_sessionmaker() as db:
+        async with db.begin():
+            entry = await _own(db, entry_id)
+            cfg = await tl_config.load(db)
+            f, values, back, error = await _checked(db, cfg)
+            if error:
+                return await _change_page(db, cfg, values=values, entry=entry, back=back,
+                                          error=error, status=400)
+            changes.edit(entry, f)
+    await audit_request("timeline.change_edited", entity_type="timeline_entry", entity_id=entry_id,
+                        detail={"name": f["summary"]})
+    return redirect(back)
+
+
+@timeline_bp.post("/timeline/changes/<entry_id>/delete")
+@require_role(UserRole.operator)
+async def delete_change(entry_id: str):
+    form = await request.form
+    async with current_app.db_sessionmaker() as db:
+        async with db.begin():
+            entry = await _own(db, entry_id)
+            summary = entry.summary
+            await db.delete(entry)
+    await audit_request("timeline.change_deleted", entity_type="timeline_entry", entity_id=entry_id,
+                        detail={"name": summary})
+    return redirect(_back(form.get("back")))
+
+
 @timeline_bp.get("/settings/timeline/")
 @require_role(UserRole.admin)
 async def settings_page():