src/scribe/mcp/tools/rulebooks.py

@@ -581,11 +581,18 @@ async def update_rule(
     rule_id: int, title: str = "", statement: str = "", when_to_apply: str = "",
     why: str = "", how_to_apply: str = "", order_index: int = -1,
     tier: str = "", system_ids: list[int] | None = None, arose_from_id: int = 0,
-    verify_with: str = "", expires_when: str = "",
+    verify_with: str = "", expires_when: str = "", kind: str = "",
     clear_fields: list[str] | None = None,
 ) -> dict:
     """Update a rule. Empty strings / order_index=-1 leave fields unchanged.
 
+    `kind` here is how a rule BECOMES a preference, and it is a real change of
+    force rather than a relabelling — so make it deliberately and say so. The
+    rule keeps its id, its history and its typed edges, which is why this is a
+    field rather than a new record: everything that cites it by number stays
+    correct. Ordinary edits to an existing preference belong in
+    update_preference, which asks for what taught the change.
+
     Adding `when_to_apply` and a `tier` to an existing rule is the ordinary way
     a rule stops being preloaded into every session and starts arriving when it
     is relevant. `system_ids` REPLACES the rule's areas (pass [] to clear).
@@ -619,6 +626,8 @@ async def update_rule(
         fields["when_to_apply"] = when_to_apply
     if tier:
         fields["tier"] = tier
+    if kind:
+        fields["kind"] = kind
     if arose_from_id:
         fields["arose_from_id"] = arose_from_id
     if why:
@@ -639,6 +648,174 @@ async def update_rule(
     return await rulebooks_svc.rule_detail(uid, rule, system_ids)
 
 
+# ── Preferences ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+#
+# Separate tools rather than a `kind=` argument on create_rule, and the reason
+# is the docstring rather than the data. create_rule's docstring IS the
+# approval gate: it tells its caller to propose, offer three answers, and
+# wait. A preference reached through that door would be read through that
+# prose, and the caller would hesitate over exactly the act this kind exists
+# to make routine. Two doors, two contracts, one table.
+#
+# Reads stay shared — get_rule and list_rules return preferences as they are,
+# because a preference IS a rule row and a reader asking "what governs this"
+# wants both. Only the WRITE contracts differ.
+
+
+async def create_preference(
+    topic_id: int, title: str, statement: str, when_to_apply: str,
+    arose_from_id: int, why: str = "", how_to_apply: str = "",
+    order_index: int = 0, force: bool = False,
+) -> dict:
+    """Record how the operator wants work done. No approval loop — write it.
+
+    A PREFERENCE IS NOT A RULE, and the axis is force rather than importance:
+
+      * a RULE is what must be FOLLOWED — ignoring it breaks something or
+        crosses a boundary. It is the operator's decision, so create_rule
+        proposes and waits for them.
+      * a PREFERENCE is how they want it DONE — ignoring it costs consistency,
+        not correctness. Noticing one and recording it is ordinary work.
+
+    If the answer to "what happens if someone doesn't do this" is "something
+    breaks", you are holding a rule: propose it with create_rule instead.
+
+    WHY IT IS WORTH RECORDING AT ALL. A preference stated in one session dies
+    with that session, and the next one re-derives it or asks again. The point
+    is consistency: the tenth time you do something it goes the way the ninth
+    did, without the operator having to say so a tenth time.
+
+    `when_to_apply` IS REQUIRED, and not as ceremony. A rule's trigger is
+    two-thirds of its embedded document, so a preference without one is a
+    record that will never surface at the moment it applies — written,
+    findable by nobody, and silently useless. Name the moment in the words a
+    session would actually be producing then: the command it is about to run,
+    the code it is writing, the thing the operator just asked for.
+
+    `arose_from_id` IS REQUIRED for the same kind of reason. A preference is
+    expected to change as the work teaches it, and a corpus that drifts with
+    no record of what taught each change is one nobody can audit. Point it at
+    the task or note where this became clear.
+
+    WHAT A PREFERENCE NEVER DOES: change what gets RECORDED. It shapes how
+    work is done — pacing, phrasing, which tool to reach for, how much to
+    check first. A dev-log, an issue and a snippet read the same whoever
+    produced them, because the record has to outlive the person and their
+    preferences.
+
+    A near-duplicate BLOCKS and returns the existing id. That is the whole
+    reason this corpus can stay small while being written freely: the second
+    preference about a thing UPDATES the first rather than sitting beside it,
+    and two preferences that quietly disagree are worse than none — retrieval
+    surfaces whichever scores higher and nobody learns the other exists. The
+    gate is title-based within the topic and does not care about kind, so it
+    also catches a preference restating a rule that already binds.
+
+    Args:
+        topic_id: The rulebook topic to file it under. A preference is
+            user-scoped: it follows the operator across every project, which
+            is what separates it from a project rule.
+        title: What the preference is about. Half the embedded document —
+            worth as much care as the statement.
+        statement: How the operator wants it done, in their terms.
+        when_to_apply: The moment it applies. Required; see above.
+        arose_from_id: The task or note that taught this. Required; see above.
+        force: Bypass the near-duplicate gate. For a genuinely distinct
+            preference, not for one that is "mostly" different — a mostly
+            different preference is an update.
+    """
+    uid = current_user_id()
+    if not when_to_apply.strip():
+        raise ValueError(
+            "when_to_apply is required: a preference with no trigger never "
+            "surfaces at the moment it applies. Name that moment in the words "
+            "a session would be producing then."
+        )
+    if not arose_from_id:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "arose_from_id is required: preferences change as the work teaches "
+            "them, and a change with no record of what taught it cannot be "
+            "audited. Pass the task or note where this became clear."
+        )
+    if not force:
+        dup = await dedup_svc.find_duplicate_rule(title, topic_id=topic_id)
+        if dup is not None:
+            return dedup_svc.duplicate_response(dup, "rule")
+    rule = await rulebooks_svc.create_rule(
+        topic_id=topic_id, user_id=uid,
+        title=title, statement=statement, when_to_apply=when_to_apply,
+        kind="preference", arose_from_id=arose_from_id,
+        why=why, how_to_apply=how_to_apply, order_index=order_index,
+    )
+    return await rulebooks_svc.rule_detail(uid, rule, None)
+
+
+async def update_preference(
+    rule_id: int, arose_from_id: int, statement: str = "",
+    when_to_apply: str = "", title: str = "", why: str = "",
+    how_to_apply: str = "", order_index: int = -1,
+    system_ids: list[int] | None = None, clear_fields: list[str] | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Bring a preference up to date. Doing this mid-work is expected.
+
+    THIS IS THE TOOL THAT MAKES A PREFERENCE DIFFERENT FROM A RULE. A rule
+    waits for its author; a preference is kept current by whoever is working.
+    When the operator corrects you, or you notice the preference on file no
+    longer matches how they actually want this done, edit it — that is the
+    feature, not a liberty being taken. A preference nothing ever updates has
+    become a rule nobody enforces.
+
+    So: no proposal, no three answers, no waiting. Update it and say in the
+    conversation that you did, so the operator can disagree while it is still
+    in front of them.
+
+    `arose_from_id` IS REQUIRED, and it is the price of the ungated write.
+    Every edit here is versioned, and the operator can read what changed and
+    put it back — but a diff with no reason attached leaves them deciding
+    whether to trust a change they cannot account for. Point at the task or
+    note that taught it.
+
+    WHEN NOT TO EDIT. If what you learned is that something MUST be done a
+    certain way — that skipping it breaks something or crosses a boundary —
+    that is a rule, and rules are the operator's call: propose it with
+    create_rule rather than hardening a preference in place. Softening in the
+    other direction is equally an edit worth flagging out loud.
+
+    Empty strings leave fields unchanged; clear_fields empties them by name,
+    exactly as update_rule does.
+
+    Args:
+        rule_id: The preference to update.
+        arose_from_id: What taught this change. Required; see above.
+    """
+    uid = current_user_id()
+    if not arose_from_id:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "arose_from_id is required: this edit is the record of how the "
+            "operator's preference changed, and a change with no reason "
+            "attached cannot be judged. Pass the task or note that taught it."
+        )
+    fields: dict = {"arose_from_id": arose_from_id}
+    if title:
+        fields["title"] = title
+    if statement:
+        fields["statement"] = statement
+    if when_to_apply:
+        fields["when_to_apply"] = when_to_apply
+    if why:
+        fields["why"] = why
+    if how_to_apply:
+        fields["how_to_apply"] = how_to_apply
+    if order_index >= 0:
+        fields["order_index"] = order_index
+    rule = await rulebooks_svc.update_rule(
+        rule_id, uid, clear=clear_fields or (), **fields,
+    )
+    if rule is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"rule {rule_id} not found")
+    return await rulebooks_svc.rule_detail(uid, rule, system_ids)
+
+
 async def rule_history(rule_id: int, version_id: int = 0) -> dict:
     """What a rule USED TO SAY, newest change first.
 
@@ -985,6 +1162,7 @@ def register(mcp) -> None:
         list_topics, create_topic, update_topic, delete_topic,
         list_rules, list_always_on_rules, get_rule,
         create_rule, create_project_rule, update_rule, delete_rule,
+        create_preference, update_preference,
         relate_rules, unrelate_rules,
         subscribe_project_to_rulebook, unsubscribe_project_from_rulebook,
         suppress_rule_for_project, unsuppress_rule_for_project,

src/scribe/routes/rulebooks.py

@@ -178,6 +178,11 @@ async def create_rule(topic_id: int):
             order_index=data.get("order_index", 0),
             when_to_apply=data.get("when_to_apply", ""),
             tier=data.get("tier", "always_on"),
+            # The human door carries `kind` too, and without the MCP door's
+            # required provenance: an operator editing their own preference
+            # owes nobody an explanation. That requirement is about auditing
+            # what the AGENT changed, not what they did themselves.
+            kind=data.get("kind", "rule"),
             arose_from_id=data.get("arose_from_id", 0) or 0,
             verify_with=data.get("verify_with", ""),
             expires_when=data.get("expires_when", ""),
@@ -212,7 +217,7 @@ async def update_rule(rule_id: int):
     fields = {
         k: v for k, v in data.items()
         if k in ("title", "statement", "why", "how_to_apply", "order_index",
-                 "when_to_apply", "tier", "arose_from_id",
+                 "when_to_apply", "tier", "kind", "arose_from_id",
                  "verify_with", "expires_when")
     }
     # No clear_fields here: a form sends "" for an emptied input, and the
@@ -436,6 +441,11 @@ async def create_project_rule(project_id: int):
             order_index=data.get("order_index", 0),
             when_to_apply=data.get("when_to_apply", ""),
             tier=data.get("tier", "always_on"),
+            # The human door carries `kind` too, and without the MCP door's
+            # required provenance: an operator editing their own preference
+            # owes nobody an explanation. That requirement is about auditing
+            # what the AGENT changed, not what they did themselves.
+            kind=data.get("kind", "rule"),
             arose_from_id=data.get("arose_from_id", 0) or 0,
             verify_with=data.get("verify_with", ""),
             expires_when=data.get("expires_when", ""),

tests/helpers.py

@@ -226,6 +226,12 @@ def fake_rule(**attrs) -> MagicMock:
         # `when_to_apply` and `arose_from_id` would be truthy MagicMocks and
         # rule_brief would attach both keys on every stand-in.
         "when_to_apply": None, "tier": "always_on", "arose_from_id": None,
+        # Named for the same reason one line up, and it bites harder here.
+        # `rule_brief` and `to_dict` both emit `kind or "rule"`, and a
+        # MagicMock is truthy — so an unnamed `kind` would put a MagicMock
+        # where every payload promises a force, and every stand-in rule would
+        # read as neither a rule nor a preference.
+        "kind": "rule",
         # Same reason, and the same trap one field further on: an unnamed
         # `verify_with` is a truthy MagicMock, so every stand-in rule would
         # claim to carry a check and rule_brief would stamp a MagicMock date
@@ -235,6 +241,25 @@ def fake_rule(**attrs) -> MagicMock:
     }, attrs)
 
 
+def plain_rule_detail():
+    """Stub `rulebooks_svc.rule_detail` down to the record's own dict.
+
+    Every rule-tool unit test needs it and none of them wants it: the real
+    `rule_detail` reads the rule's Systems and its typed edges from the
+    database, which a unit test has none of. What these tests assert is that
+    the TOOL forwarded the right arguments, so the seam is stubbed the same
+    way the create/update calls themselves already are.
+
+    Consolidated here on its second copy, per this module's own reason for
+    existing (#2825) — two stubs for one seam drift apart quietly, and a test
+    stubbing the seam slightly differently is a test asserting something
+    slightly different than it appears to.
+    """
+    async def _detail(_uid, rule, _system_ids=None):
+        return rule.to_dict()
+    return patch("scribe.mcp.tools.rulebooks.rulebooks_svc.rule_detail", _detail)
+
+
 class FakeMCP:
     """Stand-in for the FastMCP server a tool module's ``register(mcp)`` is
     handed: records the ``name=`` of every ``@mcp.tool(...)`` registration in

tests/test_mcp_tool_rulebooks.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from tests.helpers import FakeMCP, fake_rule, fake_rulebook, fake_topic
+from tests.helpers import plain_rule_detail as _plain_detail
 
 
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.usefixtures("_bind_user")
@@ -48,18 +49,10 @@ async def test_get_rulebook_raises_when_not_found():
             await get_rulebook(rulebook_id=999)
 
 
-def _plain_detail():
-    """Stub the rule_detail seam these tool tests are not about.
-
-    create/update/get_rule now return through services.rulebooks.rule_detail,
-    which reads the rule's areas and edges from the database. These are unit
-    tests with no database, and what they assert is that the TOOL forwards the
-    right arguments — so the seam is stubbed to the plain record, the same way
-    they already stub the create/update calls themselves.
-    """
-    async def _detail(_uid, rule, _system_ids=None):
-        return rule.to_dict()
-    return patch("scribe.mcp.tools.rulebooks.rulebooks_svc.rule_detail", _detail)
+# _plain_detail moved to tests/helpers on its second copy (#2825's own
+# reason for existing): two stubs for one seam drift apart quietly, and a
+# test stubbing it slightly differently asserts something slightly different
+# than it appears to.
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -230,11 +223,18 @@ def test_register_attaches_every_tool():
 
     register(mcp)
     # 26 through milestone 307, +2 for the staleness sweep (milestone 312),
-    # +1 for a rule's edit history (milestone 323).
-    assert len(mcp.names) == 29
+    # +1 for a rule's edit history (milestone 323), +2 for preferences
+    # (milestone 399).
+    assert len(mcp.names) == 31
     # spot-check a few names
     assert "list_rulebooks" in mcp.names
     assert "create_rule" in mcp.names
+    # Preferences get their own WRITE door — create_rule's docstring is the
+    # approval gate, and a preference reached through it would be read
+    # through that prose. Reads stay shared deliberately, so there is no
+    # get_preference to look for here.
+    assert "create_preference" in mcp.names
+    assert "update_preference" in mcp.names
     assert "subscribe_project_to_rulebook" in mcp.names
     assert "list_always_on_rules" in mcp.names
     # milestone 297: a project's opt-out of a whole always-on rulebook

tests/test_preference_write_path.py

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+"""The preference write path, and how it differs from a rule's (milestone 399).
+
+WHY TWO DOORS AT ALL
+
+`create_rule`'s docstring IS the approval gate (#3557): it tells its caller to
+propose, offer three answers, and wait. That is right for a rule — the person
+a rule binds should have agreed to be bound.
+
+A preference inverts it. The operator's framing: *"preferences are rules that
+scribe can and should update during use."* A preference that asks every time
+never drifts, and drifting is the whole feature. Reaching one through
+`create_rule(kind=...)` would mean reading it through the gate's prose, and
+the caller would hesitate over exactly the act this kind exists to make
+routine.
+
+So the asymmetry is the product, and these tests pin it.
+
+TWO PRESENCE CHECKS, NEVER AN ABSENCE
+
+The tempting guard is "create_preference's docstring does NOT run the approval
+loop". That is the shape snippet #3352 warns against: an absence check passes
+against a docstring that has been deleted, emptied, or rewritten into
+something else entirely, and it reads as coverage while proving nothing.
+
+So the asymmetry is asserted as two PRESENCE facts — the rule door still asks,
+the preference door still says write it — and each fails if its own side is
+tidied away. Synonym families, structure not wording, the same bargain
+test_rule_creation_asks_first strikes.
+"""
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from tests.helpers import fake_rule, plain_rule_detail as _plain_detail
+from tests.helpers import tool_doc as _doc
+
+# The tool layer reads its caller from a ContextVar the HTTP transport sets.
+# With no request in flight, the module binds it itself (snippet #2836).
+pytestmark = pytest.mark.usefixtures("_bind_user")
+
+MODULE = "scribe.mcp.tools.rulebooks"
+
+
+# ── the required fields, and why each is required ───────────────────────
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_preference_without_a_trigger_is_refused():
+    """A preference with no `when_to_apply` is inert, not merely incomplete.
+
+    The trigger is two-thirds of the embedded document, so a record without
+    one never surfaces at the moment it applies. Refusing at the tool is the
+    difference between an error the writer can fix and a preference that is
+    written, stored, and silently never delivered — which looks identical to
+    one nobody wrote.
+    """
+    create_mock = AsyncMock()
+    with patch(f"{MODULE}.rulebooks_svc.create_rule", create_mock):
+        from scribe.mcp.tools.rulebooks import create_preference
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="when_to_apply is required"):
+            await create_preference(
+                topic_id=10, title="t", statement="s",
+                when_to_apply="   ", arose_from_id=42,
+            )
+    create_mock.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_preference_without_provenance_is_refused():
+    """Provenance is the price of the ungated write.
+
+    A preference is expected to change as the work teaches it. A corpus that
+    drifts with no record of what taught each change is one nobody can audit —
+    and the operator's veto over drift depends entirely on being able to read
+    why it happened.
+    """
+    create_mock = AsyncMock()
+    with patch(f"{MODULE}.rulebooks_svc.create_rule", create_mock):
+        from scribe.mcp.tools.rulebooks import create_preference
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="arose_from_id is required"):
+            await create_preference(
+                topic_id=10, title="t", statement="s",
+                when_to_apply="when x", arose_from_id=0,
+            )
+    create_mock.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_create_preference_stores_the_preference_kind():
+    """The tool's one irreducible job.
+
+    Asserted on the kwarg reaching the service rather than on the returned
+    payload: a tool that accepted the call and wrote a plain rule would
+    return something that reads correctly, and the force would be wrong.
+    """
+    rule = fake_rule(id=100, kind="preference")
+    create_mock = AsyncMock(return_value=rule)
+    with patch(f"{MODULE}.rulebooks_svc.create_rule", create_mock), _plain_detail():
+        from scribe.mcp.tools.rulebooks import create_preference
+        await create_preference(
+            topic_id=10, title="Pace hard debugging",
+            statement="One step per turn.",
+            when_to_apply="during hard debugging",
+            arose_from_id=42,
+        )
+    kwargs = create_mock.call_args.kwargs
+    assert kwargs["kind"] == "preference"
+    assert kwargs["arose_from_id"] == 42
+    assert kwargs["when_to_apply"] == "during hard debugging"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_near_duplicate_preference_blocks():
+    """The gate is what lets this corpus be written freely and stay small.
+
+    The second preference about a thing must UPDATE the first. Two that
+    quietly disagree are worse than none: retrieval surfaces whichever scores
+    higher, and nobody learns the other exists.
+    """
+    from scribe.services.dedup import DuplicateMatch
+    dup = DuplicateMatch(id=47, title="Pace hard debugging", similarity=1.0, reason="title")
+    create_mock = AsyncMock()
+    with patch(f"{MODULE}.dedup_svc.find_duplicate_rule", AsyncMock(return_value=dup)), \
+         patch(f"{MODULE}.rulebooks_svc.create_rule", create_mock):
+        from scribe.mcp.tools.rulebooks import create_preference
+        out = await create_preference(
+            topic_id=10, title="Pace hard debugging", statement="s",
+            when_to_apply="when", arose_from_id=42,
+        )
+    assert out["duplicate"] is True
+    assert out["existing_id"] == 47
+    create_mock.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_updating_a_preference_without_provenance_is_refused():
+    update_mock = AsyncMock()
+    with patch(f"{MODULE}.rulebooks_svc.update_rule", update_mock):
+        from scribe.mcp.tools.rulebooks import update_preference
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="arose_from_id is required"):
+            await update_preference(rule_id=5, arose_from_id=0, statement="new")
+    update_mock.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_update_preference_forwards_what_taught_the_change():
+    rule = fake_rule(id=5, kind="preference")
+    update_mock = AsyncMock(return_value=rule)
+    with patch(f"{MODULE}.rulebooks_svc.update_rule", update_mock), _plain_detail():
+        from scribe.mcp.tools.rulebooks import update_preference
+        await update_preference(
+            rule_id=5, arose_from_id=99, statement="the new way",
+        )
+    kwargs = update_mock.call_args.kwargs
+    assert kwargs["arose_from_id"] == 99
+    assert kwargs["statement"] == "the new way"
+
+
+# ── the asymmetry, as two presence facts ────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_the_rule_door_still_asks_before_writing():
+    """Half one of the asymmetry. If this fails, the gate was tidied away and
+    preferences are no longer the exception — they are just the same thing.
+    """
+    doc = _doc(MODULE, "create_rule").lower()
+    asks = ("approve", "propose", "ask", "question")
+    assert any(w in doc for w in asks), (
+        "create_rule's docstring no longer runs the propose-then-approve loop. "
+        "The preference path's whole justification is that it is the exception "
+        "to this; with the gate gone there is no asymmetry left to justify."
+    )
+
+
+def test_the_preference_door_says_to_write_it():
+    """Half two. The inverting instruction has to be PRESENT, not merely
+    unaccompanied by a gate.
+
+    An agent that has internalised #3557 will hesitate to write or rewrite a
+    preference unless told plainly that this door is different. Silence here
+    does not read as permission — it reads as an omission, and the caller
+    falls back on the behaviour it already knows.
+    """
+    for tool in ("create_preference", "update_preference"):
+        doc = _doc(MODULE, tool).lower()
+        permits = ("expected", "no approval", "without asking", "ordinary work",
+                   "write it", "not a liberty", "no proposal")
+        assert any(w in doc for w in permits), (
+            f"{tool}'s docstring no longer tells its caller that writing "
+            "without an approval loop is expected. A caller carrying "
+            "create_rule's gate will default to asking, and a preference "
+            "nothing ever updates is a rule nobody enforces."
+        )
+
+
+def test_the_preference_door_names_the_force_distinction():
+    """The routing test, stated positively (rule 165).
+
+    The confusion this milestone exists to fix is that a session cannot tell
+    which kind it is holding. If the docstring stops drawing the line, the
+    tool becomes a second way to write rules.
+    """
+    doc = _doc(MODULE, "create_preference").lower()
+    assert "rule" in doc and any(
+        w in doc for w in ("followed", "binds", "breaks", "consistency")
+    ), (
+        "create_preference's docstring no longer distinguishes a preference "
+        "from a rule by force. Without that line the tool is a second door "
+        "onto the rulebook with a weaker gate."
+    )
+
+
+def test_the_preference_door_keeps_the_record_out_of_scope():
+    """Preferences shape HOW work is done, never WHAT is recorded.
+
+    Worth pinning because "record it the way I like it" is the natural next
+    reach, and it would make dev-logs and issues idiosyncratic per author —
+    while the record is the one thing that has to outlive the person.
+    """
+    doc = _doc(MODULE, "create_preference").lower()
+    assert "record" in doc, (
+        "create_preference's docstring no longer says that a preference does "
+        "not change what gets recorded. That boundary is the one a reader "
+        "would cross without noticing."
+    )