alembic/versions/0032_source_error_type.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""source.error_type: surface ErrorType taxonomy in FailingSourcesCard
+
+Revision ID: 0032
+Revises: 0031
+Create Date: 2026-06-02
+
+Audit 2026-06-02: the backend computes 13 ErrorType categories (auth_error,
+rate_limited, not_found, access_denied, validation_failed, etc.) and
+stamps each one on DownloadEvent.metadata, but the Source row only carried
+the free-text last_error. Operators couldn't bulk-triage failing sources
+("all auth_error → rotate cookies, all rate_limited → just wait") without
+opening Logs per row.
+
+This column receives the last error_type from _update_source_health
+and gets cleared on a successful run. Nullable + indexed so the failing-
+sources rollup can filter/group cheaply.
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from alembic import op
+
+revision: str = "0032"
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = "0031"
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    op.add_column(
+        "source",
+        sa.Column("error_type", sa.String(length=32), nullable=True),
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        "ix_source_error_type", "source", ["error_type"],
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index("ix_source_error_type", table_name="source")
+    op.drop_column("source", "error_type")

backend/app/api/gallery.py

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ async def scroll():
                     "height": i.height,
                     "created_at": i.created_at.isoformat(),
                     "posted_at": i.posted_at.isoformat() if i.posted_at else None,
-                    "effective_date": i.effective_date.isoformat(),
                     "thumbnail_url": i.thumbnail_url,
                     "artist": i.artist,
                 }

backend/app/api/tags.py

@@ -245,6 +245,12 @@ async def merge_tag(source_id: int):
         from ..tasks.ml import apply_allowlist_tags
 
         apply_allowlist_tags.delay(tag_id=result.target_id)
+    # Tag merge invalidates the target's centroid (the merged-in source
+    # tag's images now contribute to it). Daily list_drifted catches it
+    # within 24h, but eager recompute closes the suggestion-quality dip
+    # in the meantime. Audit 2026-06-02.
+    from ..tasks.ml import recompute_centroid
+    recompute_centroid.delay(result.target_id)
     return jsonify(
         {
             "target": {

backend/app/celery_app.py

@@ -130,6 +130,16 @@ def make_celery() -> Celery:
                 "task": "backend.app.tasks.maintenance.prune_import_batches",
                 "schedule": 86400.0,
             },
+            # Audit 2026-06-02 — backfill_thumbnails's docstring claimed
+            # "periodic Beat" but the entry was never registered, so the
+            # library got no self-healing thumbnail repair; only the
+            # manual admin-UI button fired it. Daily cadence is gentle
+            # (the task is idempotent and only enqueues regen for rows
+            # whose stored thumbnails are missing or corrupt).
+            "backfill-thumbnails-daily": {
+                "task": "backend.app.tasks.thumbnail.backfill_thumbnails",
+                "schedule": 86400.0,
+            },
         },
         timezone="UTC",
     )

backend/app/models/source.py

@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ class Source(Base):
 
     last_checked_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
     last_error: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, nullable=True)
+    # alembic 0032: last ErrorType category (auth_error, rate_limited,
+    # not_found, ...). Lets FailingSourcesCard surface the taxonomy as
+    # a colored chip so operators can bulk-triage by error class. Set
+    # by _update_source_health alongside last_error; cleared on 'ok'.
+    error_type: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(32), nullable=True, index=True)
     check_interval_override: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(Integer, nullable=True)
     consecutive_failures: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
 

backend/app/services/artist_service.py

@@ -208,27 +208,32 @@ class ArtistService:
         )
 
     async def find_or_create(self, name: str) -> tuple[Artist, bool]:
-        """Return (artist, created). Slug-keyed; idempotent under races."""
+        """Return (artist, created). Slug-keyed; idempotent under races.
+
+        Audit 2026-06-02: switched from session.rollback() to a
+        begin_nested savepoint + IntegrityError recovery so a lost
+        race doesn't unwind the calling request's surrounding work.
+        Mirrors importer._get_or_create.
+        """
         cleaned = (name or "").strip()
         if not cleaned:
             raise ValueError("artist name must not be empty")
         slug = slugify(cleaned)
 
-        existing = (await self.session.execute(
+        select_existing = select(Artist).where(Artist.slug == slug)
-            select(Artist).where(Artist.slug == slug)
+        existing = (await self.session.execute(select_existing)).scalar_one_or_none()
-        )).scalar_one_or_none()
         if existing is not None:
             return existing, False
 
-        artist = Artist(name=cleaned, slug=slug)
+        sp = await self.session.begin_nested()
-        self.session.add(artist)
         try:
+            artist = Artist(name=cleaned, slug=slug)
+            self.session.add(artist)
             await self.session.flush()
+            await sp.commit()
         except IntegrityError:
-            await self.session.rollback()
+            await sp.rollback()
-            existing = (await self.session.execute(
+            existing = (await self.session.execute(select_existing)).scalar_one()
-                select(Artist).where(Artist.slug == slug)
-            )).scalar_one()
             return existing, False
         await self.session.commit()
         return artist, True

backend/app/services/cleanup_service.py

@@ -187,10 +187,14 @@ def unlink_image_files(
             out["thumbnail"] = True
         except OSError:
             out["thumbnail"] = False
-    # Convention thumbs dir — try all extensions; missing OK.
+    # Convention thumbs dir — try both extensions thumbnailer writes
+    # (.jpg for opaque, .png for alpha). `.webp` used to be in this
+    # tuple but the thumbnailer never writes it (operator-flagged in
+    # the 2026-06-02 audit) — keep the tuple aligned with what
+    # actually lands on disk.
     if image.sha256:
         bucket = image.sha256[:3]
-        for ext in ("jpg", "png", "webp"):
+        for ext in ("jpg", "png"):
             try:
                 (images_root / "thumbs" / bucket / f"{image.sha256}.{ext}").unlink(
                     missing_ok=True,

backend/app/services/credential_crypto.py

@@ -1,40 +1,82 @@
 """Fernet-based encryption for credential blobs.
 
 The key is a single 32-byte value (urlsafe-base64-encoded; what
-Fernet.generate_key produces) stored at a fixed path inside the
+Fernet.generate_key produces) stored at /images/secrets/credential_key.b64
-images/data root. Created on first boot if absent; mode 0600. No KDF
+(mode 0600, parent dir 0700). The 2026-06-02 audit caught a silent
-needed — the file contents are already maximum-entropy random bytes.
+key-regeneration path: on a partial disaster restore where the DB was
+restored but the secrets dir was lost, the old `_load_or_create_key`
+would mint a fresh key with no log, producing a working-looking system
+where every authenticated download failed AUTH_ERROR until the operator
+re-uploaded every credential by hand. Now the constructor refuses to
+auto-generate unless either:
 
-Operator backup procedure must include this file alongside the rest
+  * the caller explicitly passes `bootstrap_ok=True` (tests, scripts), or
-of /images/ — losing it makes existing encrypted_blob rows
+  * the env var `CURATOR_BOOTSTRAP_NEW_KEY=1` is set (operator opt-in
-undecryptable (recovery = delete the rows and re-upload).
+    during first-time setup).
+
+Otherwise it raises `MissingCredentialKey` so the app fails fast at
+startup and the operator can restore the key file from backup.
+
+Operator backup procedure must include /images/secrets/ alongside the
+rest of /images/ — losing the key file makes existing encrypted_blob
+rows undecryptable (recovery = delete the rows and re-upload).
 """
 
+import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from cryptography.fernet import Fernet, InvalidToken
 
+log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_BOOTSTRAP_ENV_VAR = "CURATOR_BOOTSTRAP_NEW_KEY"
+
 
 class InvalidCredentialBlob(Exception):
     """Raised when decryption fails (wrong key, tampered blob, …)."""
 
 
+class MissingCredentialKey(Exception):
+    """The Fernet key file is missing AND the caller hasn't opted in to
+    generating a new one. Audit 2026-06-02: prevents silent key
+    regeneration on partial DB-restored / secrets-lost deployments.
+    Set CURATOR_BOOTSTRAP_NEW_KEY=1 for first-time setup, or restore the
+    key file from backup."""
+
+
 class CredentialCrypto:
     """Fernet encrypt/decrypt with an on-disk key file.
 
-    Instantiate with a path; the file is created on first access and
+    Instantiate with a path; the file is loaded if present, or created
-    reused thereafter. Tests pass a tmp_path; production calls with
+    if absent AND the caller has opted in (bootstrap_ok=True or
+    CURATOR_BOOTSTRAP_NEW_KEY=1 env var). Production sites:
     `IMAGES_ROOT / "secrets" / "credential_key.b64"`.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, key_path: Path):
+    def __init__(self, key_path: Path, *, bootstrap_ok: bool | None = None):
         self._key_path = Path(key_path)
-        self._fernet = Fernet(self._load_or_create_key())
+        if bootstrap_ok is None:
+            bootstrap_ok = os.environ.get(_BOOTSTRAP_ENV_VAR) == "1"
+        self._fernet = Fernet(self._load_or_create_key(bootstrap_ok))
 
-    def _load_or_create_key(self) -> bytes:
+    def _load_or_create_key(self, bootstrap_ok: bool) -> bytes:
         if self._key_path.exists():
             return self._key_path.read_bytes()
+        if not bootstrap_ok:
+            raise MissingCredentialKey(
+                f"Fernet key file not found at {self._key_path}. "
+                f"For first-time setup, set {_BOOTSTRAP_ENV_VAR}=1. "
+                f"If this is a restored instance, restore the key file "
+                f"from backup — generating a new one would make every "
+                f"existing Credential row undecryptable."
+            )
+        log.warning(
+            "Generating NEW Fernet credential key at %s. Any existing "
+            "encrypted_blob rows in the DB will be undecryptable — "
+            "re-upload each credential after this completes.",
+            self._key_path,
+        )
         parent = self._key_path.parent
         parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         os.chmod(parent, 0o700)

backend/app/services/download_service.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ from .gallery_dl import (
 )
 from .importer import Importer
 from .patreon_resolver import resolve_campaign_id
+from .platforms import auth_type_for
 from .scheduler_service import set_platform_cooldown
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -194,7 +195,12 @@ class DownloadService:
             event_id = ev.id
 
         artist = source.artist
-        if source.platform in ("discord", "pixiv"):
+        # Drive cookies-vs-token selection from the platform registry's
+        # auth_type so a new 7th token-platform automatically picks the
+        # right credential path. The hardcoded tuple here used to drift
+        # out of sync with credential_service's auth_type_for(). Audit
+        # 2026-06-02.
+        if auth_type_for(source.platform) == "token":
             cookies_path = None
             auth_token = await self.cred_service.get_token(source.platform)
         else:
@@ -428,9 +434,15 @@ class DownloadService:
         if status == "ok":
             source.consecutive_failures = 0
             source.last_error = None
+            # alembic 0032 — clear the failure-class chip on success.
+            source.error_type = None
         elif status == "error":
             source.consecutive_failures = (source.consecutive_failures or 0) + 1
             source.last_error = error_message
+            # alembic 0032 — stamp the failure-class so FailingSourcesCard
+            # can render a colored chip and operators can bulk-triage
+            # by error class without opening Logs per row.
+            source.error_type = error_type
             if error_type == "rate_limited":
                 await set_platform_cooldown(self.async_session, source.platform)
         elif status == "skipped":

backend/app/services/importer.py

@@ -374,10 +374,19 @@ class Importer:
             artist = self._resolve_artist(source)
             post = self._post_for_sidecar(source, artist)
         sha = _sha256_of(source)
-        existing = self.session.execute(
+        select_existing = select(PostAttachment).where(PostAttachment.sha256 == sha)
-            select(PostAttachment).where(PostAttachment.sha256 == sha)
+        existing = self.session.execute(select_existing).scalar_one_or_none()
-        ).scalar_one_or_none()
+        if existing is not None:
-        if existing is None:
+            self.session.commit()
+            return ImportResult(status="attached")
+        # Savepoint + IntegrityError recovery — PostAttachment.sha256 is
+        # UNIQUE, so two workers can both pass the SELECT and only the
+        # second INSERT fails. Without savepoint, the outer transaction
+        # poisons and the calling task crashes. attachments.store is
+        # sha-addressed so both workers race to write the same target
+        # path; shutil.copy2 + rename is idempotent. Audit 2026-06-02.
+        sp = self.session.begin_nested()
+        try:
             stored = self.attachments.store(source, sha)
             self.session.add(PostAttachment(
                 post_id=post.id if post else None,
@@ -390,6 +399,11 @@ class Importer:
                 size_bytes=source.stat().st_size,
             ))
             self.session.flush()
+            sp.commit()
+        except IntegrityError:
+            sp.rollback()
+            # Lost the race — the other worker's row is canonical.
+            self.session.execute(select_existing).scalar_one()
         self.session.commit()
         return ImportResult(status="attached")
 

backend/app/services/source_service.py

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ class SourceRecord:
     config_overrides: dict | None
     last_checked_at: str | None
     last_error: str | None
+    error_type: str | None
     check_interval_override: int | None
     consecutive_failures: int
     next_check_at: str | None
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@ class SourceRecord:
             "config_overrides": self.config_overrides,
             "last_checked_at": self.last_checked_at,
             "last_error": self.last_error,
+            "error_type": self.error_type,
             "check_interval_override": self.check_interval_override,
             "consecutive_failures": self.consecutive_failures,
             "next_check_at": self.next_check_at,
@@ -144,6 +146,7 @@ class SourceService:
             config_overrides=source.config_overrides,
             last_checked_at=source.last_checked_at.isoformat() if source.last_checked_at else None,
             last_error=source.last_error,
+            error_type=source.error_type,
             check_interval_override=source.check_interval_override,
             consecutive_failures=source.consecutive_failures or 0,
             next_check_at=nxt.isoformat() if nxt else None,

backend/app/services/tag_service.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from sqlalchemy import and_, case, exists, func, select, text, update
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert as pg_insert
+from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from ..models import Tag, TagKind, image_tag
@@ -86,9 +87,12 @@ class TagService:
                     f"fandom_id {fandom_id} does not reference a fandom tag"
                 )
 
-        # Upsert via INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING. We can't use the
+        # Audit 2026-06-02: race-safe upsert via savepoint +
-        # uniqueness index name directly (it's a partial coalesce-based
+        # IntegrityError recovery. The partial uniqueness index on
-        # expression), so we re-select after insert.
+        # (name, kind, COALESCE(fandom_id, -1)) catches concurrent
+        # inserts; without the savepoint the outer transaction would
+        # poison and the calling request crashes. Mirrors
+        # importer._get_or_create.
         stmt = (
             select(Tag)
             .where(Tag.name == name)
@@ -101,10 +105,16 @@ class TagService:
         if existing:
             return existing
 
-        new_tag = Tag(name=name, kind=kind, fandom_id=fandom_id)
+        sp = await self.session.begin_nested()
-        self.session.add(new_tag)
+        try:
-        await self.session.flush()
+            new_tag = Tag(name=name, kind=kind, fandom_id=fandom_id)
-        return new_tag
+            self.session.add(new_tag)
+            await self.session.flush()
+            await sp.commit()
+            return new_tag
+        except IntegrityError:
+            await sp.rollback()
+            return (await self.session.execute(stmt)).scalar_one()
 
     async def autocomplete(
         self,

frontend/src/components/settings/QueuesTable.vue

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import { computed } from 'vue'
 const props = defineProps({
   queues: { type: Object, default: null },     // store.queues
   workers: { type: Object, default: null },    // store.workers
-  recentMinute: { type: Array, default: () => [] }, // store.recentMinute
+  recentRuns: { type: Array, default: () => [] }, // store.recentRuns
   compact: { type: Boolean, default: false },
 })
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ function activeCount(name) {
 
 const recentByQueue = computed(() => {
   const out = {}
-  for (const r of props.recentMinute) {
+  for (const r of props.recentRuns) {
     if (!out[r.queue]) out[r.queue] = { ok: 0, err: 0 }
     if (r.status === 'ok') out[r.queue].ok++
     else if (r.status === 'error' || r.status === 'timeout') out[r.queue].err++

frontend/src/components/settings/SystemActivitySummary.vue

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
       <QueuesTable
         :queues="store.queues"
         :workers="store.workers"
-        :recent-minute="store.recentMinute"
+        :recent-runs="store.recentRuns"
         compact
       />
     </v-card-text>
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ function pollOnce() {
   if (document.hidden) return
   store.loadQueues()
   store.loadWorkers()
-  store.loadRecentMinute()
+  store.loadRecentRuns()
 }
 
 onMounted(() => {

frontend/src/components/settings/SystemActivityTab.vue

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
         <QueuesTable
           :queues="store.queues"
           :workers="store.workers"
-          :recent-minute="store.recentMinute"
+          :recent-runs="store.recentRuns"
         />
       </v-card-text>
     </v-card>
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ function pollQueues() {
   if (document.hidden) return
   store.loadQueues()
   store.loadWorkers()
-  store.loadRecentMinute()
+  store.loadRecentRuns()
 }
 function pollFailures() {
   if (document.hidden) return

frontend/src/components/subscriptions/FailingSourcesCard.vue

@@ -25,6 +25,15 @@
           <v-chip size="x-small" color="error" variant="flat" label class="fc-fail__count">
             {{ s.consecutive_failures }}× failed
           </v-chip>
+          <v-chip
+            v-if="s.error_type"
+            size="x-small" variant="outlined" label
+            :color="errorTypeColor(s.error_type)"
+            class="fc-fail__class"
+            :title="errorTypeHint(s.error_type)"
+          >
+            {{ s.error_type }}
+          </v-chip>
           <span class="fc-fail__err" :title="s.last_error || ''">
             {{ s.last_error || 'no error message recorded' }}
           </span>
@@ -66,6 +75,42 @@ const open = ref(true)
 // Per-row loading flag so the spinner lives on the row whose Logs
 // button was clicked, not on every row.
 const logLoadingIds = ref(new Set())
+
+// Audit 2026-06-02: surface the ErrorType taxonomy as a colored chip
+// next to the consecutive-failures count so operators can bulk-triage
+// by error class. Color reflects "what to do next":
+//   warning (yellow) — auth/cookie issue: operator should rotate
+//   info (blue)      — backend-paced (cooldown / rate limit / timeout)
+//   error (red)      — likely terminal without operator intervention
+const ERROR_TYPE_COLOR = {
+  auth_error: 'warning',
+  rate_limited: 'info',
+  timeout: 'info',
+  network_error: 'info',
+  not_found: 'error',
+  access_denied: 'error',
+  validation_failed: 'error',
+  unsupported_url: 'error',
+  http_error: 'error',
+  unknown_error: 'error',
+  partial: 'info',
+  tier_limited: 'info',
+  no_new_content: 'info',
+}
+const ERROR_TYPE_HINT = {
+  auth_error: 'Cookies likely expired — re-upload in Credentials.',
+  rate_limited: 'Platform-wide cooldown active. Will retry after it expires.',
+  timeout: 'Subprocess exceeded its time budget. Often retries cleanly.',
+  network_error: 'Transient network issue. Will retry on next tick.',
+  not_found: 'URL 404 — creator may have renamed or deleted.',
+  access_denied: 'Subscription tier may not grant this content.',
+  validation_failed: 'Downloaded files were quarantined by the validator.',
+  http_error: 'Generic HTTP error — see Logs.',
+  unsupported_url: 'gallery-dl does not support this URL pattern.',
+  unknown_error: 'Could not classify — see Logs.',
+}
+function errorTypeColor(t) { return ERROR_TYPE_COLOR[t] || 'error' }
+function errorTypeHint(t) { return ERROR_TYPE_HINT[t] || '' }
 async function onViewLogs(s) {
   if (logLoadingIds.value.has(s.id)) return
   logLoadingIds.value = new Set(logLoadingIds.value).add(s.id)
@@ -115,6 +160,7 @@ async function onViewLogs(s) {
 }
 .fc-fail__artist { font-weight: 600; white-space: nowrap; }
 .fc-fail__count { flex: 0 0 auto; }
+.fc-fail__class { flex: 0 0 auto; }
 .fc-fail__err {
   color: rgb(var(--v-theme-on-surface-variant));
   font-size: 0.8rem;

frontend/src/stores/modal.js

@@ -155,6 +155,19 @@ export const useModalStore = defineStore('modal', () => {
     const imageId = currentImageId.value
     if (!imageId) return
     const tag = await api.post('/api/tags', { body: { name, kind, fandom_id } })
+    // Audit 2026-06-02: a kind='fandom' created here used to be
+    // invisible to FandomPicker until a full page reload — its load
+    // gates on fandomCache.length, so a non-empty cache skips the
+    // refetch and the new fandom never appears. Push it into the
+    // cache directly so the next open sees it.
+    if (kind === 'fandom') {
+      const { useTagStore } = await import('./tags.js')
+      const tagStore = useTagStore()
+      tagStore.fandomCache.push({
+        id: tag.id, name: tag.name, kind: 'fandom',
+        fandom_id: null, fandom_name: null, image_count: 0,
+      })
+    }
     if (currentImageId.value !== imageId) return  // navigated away
     await addExistingTag(tag.id)
   }

frontend/src/stores/systemActivity.js

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export const useSystemActivityStore = defineStore('systemActivity', () => {
   // Live polled state.
   const queues = ref(null)       // { queues: {name: depth|null}, fetched_at }
   const workers = ref(null)      // { workers: {hostname: {...}}, fetched_at }
-  const recentMinute = ref([])   // last-60s rows (for Overview summary)
+  const recentRuns = ref([])   // last-60s rows (for Overview summary)
   const failures = ref(null)     // { recent, count_by_type, since }
 
   // Paginated runs (Activity tab "All recent activity" pane).
@@ -45,14 +45,14 @@ export const useSystemActivityStore = defineStore('systemActivity', () => {
     }
   }
 
-  async function loadRecentMinute() {
+  async function loadRecentRuns() {
     // Used by the Overview summary card: pull last 60s of runs to compute
     // per-queue ok/err counts. One call covers all queues; UI groups.
     try {
       const body = await api.get('/api/system/activity/runs', {
         params: { limit: 200 },
       })
-      recentMinute.value = body.runs || []
+      recentRuns.value = body.runs || []
     } catch (e) {
       lastError.value = e.message
     }
@@ -106,10 +106,10 @@ export const useSystemActivityStore = defineStore('systemActivity', () => {
   }
 
   return {
-    queues, workers, recentMinute, failures, summary,
+    queues, workers, recentRuns, failures, summary,
     runs, runsCursor, runsHasMore, runsFilter,
     loading, lastError,
-    loadQueues, loadWorkers, loadRecentMinute,
+    loadQueues, loadWorkers, loadRecentRuns,
     loadRuns, loadFailures, loadSummary, setFilter,
   }
 })

tests/conftest.py

@@ -8,18 +8,25 @@ migration code paths.
 
 import os
 
-import pytest
+# Audit 2026-06-02: CredentialCrypto now refuses to auto-generate a
-import pytest_asyncio
+# Fernet key without explicit opt-in (production safety against silent
-from sqlalchemy import create_engine
+# key regeneration on partial restore). The test environment never has
-from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
+# a pre-seeded key file, so set the bootstrap flag here before any
+# create_app() / CredentialCrypto() import path fires.
+os.environ.setdefault("CURATOR_BOOTSTRAP_NEW_KEY", "1")
+
+import pytest  # noqa: E402
+import pytest_asyncio  # noqa: E402
+from sqlalchemy import create_engine  # noqa: E402
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (  # noqa: E402
     AsyncSession,
     async_sessionmaker,
     create_async_engine,
 )
-from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
+from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker  # noqa: E402
 
-from backend.app import create_app
+from backend.app import create_app  # noqa: E402
-from backend.app.models import Base
+from backend.app.models import Base  # noqa: E402
 
 
 def _async_database_url() -> str:

tests/test_credential_crypto.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pytestmark = pytest.mark.integration
 
 def test_load_or_create_writes_key_with_mode_0600(tmp_path):
     key_path = tmp_path / "secrets" / "credential_key.b64"
-    CredentialCrypto(key_path)
+    CredentialCrypto(key_path, bootstrap_ok=True)
     assert key_path.exists()
     mode = stat.S_IMODE(os.stat(key_path).st_mode)
     assert mode == 0o600
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ def test_load_or_create_writes_key_with_mode_0600(tmp_path):
 
 def test_load_existing_key_is_idempotent(tmp_path):
     key_path = tmp_path / "credential_key.b64"
-    crypto1 = CredentialCrypto(key_path)
+    crypto1 = CredentialCrypto(key_path, bootstrap_ok=True)
     contents_after_first = key_path.read_bytes()
-    crypto2 = CredentialCrypto(key_path)
+    crypto2 = CredentialCrypto(key_path, bootstrap_ok=True)
     contents_after_second = key_path.read_bytes()
     assert contents_after_first == contents_after_second
     # And both crypto instances decrypt each other's ciphertext
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def test_load_existing_key_is_idempotent(tmp_path):
 
 
 def test_encrypt_decrypt_round_trip(tmp_path):
-    crypto = CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "k")
+    crypto = CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "k", bootstrap_ok=True)
     plaintext = "domain.com\tTRUE\t/\tTRUE\t1700000000\tname\tvalue"
     ct = crypto.encrypt(plaintext)
     assert isinstance(ct, bytes)
@@ -45,8 +45,27 @@ def test_encrypt_decrypt_round_trip(tmp_path):
 
 
 def test_decrypt_with_wrong_key_raises(tmp_path):
-    crypto_a = CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "a")
+    crypto_a = CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "a", bootstrap_ok=True)
-    crypto_b = CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "b")
+    crypto_b = CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "b", bootstrap_ok=True)
     ct = crypto_a.encrypt("secret")
     with pytest.raises(InvalidCredentialBlob):
         crypto_b.decrypt(ct)
+
+
+def test_missing_key_without_bootstrap_raises(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """Audit 2026-06-02: without explicit opt-in, a missing key file
+    is a fatal startup error — silent regeneration on partial restore
+    would make every existing Credential row undecryptable."""
+    from backend.app.services.credential_crypto import MissingCredentialKey
+    monkeypatch.delenv("CURATOR_BOOTSTRAP_NEW_KEY", raising=False)
+    with pytest.raises(MissingCredentialKey):
+        CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "absent.b64")
+
+
+def test_missing_key_with_env_var_bootstraps(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """The env var CURATOR_BOOTSTRAP_NEW_KEY=1 is the operator's
+    first-time-setup opt-in for auto-creating the key file."""
+    monkeypatch.setenv("CURATOR_BOOTSTRAP_NEW_KEY", "1")
+    key_path = tmp_path / "bootstrap.b64"
+    CredentialCrypto(key_path)  # no bootstrap_ok kwarg — relies on env
+    assert key_path.exists()

tests/test_credential_service.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ _NETSCAPE = (
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def crypto(tmp_path):
-    return CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "k")
+    return CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "k", bootstrap_ok=True)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio

tests/test_download_service.py

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ async def test_download_source_attaches_written_files(
         thumbnailer=Thumbnailer(images_root=images_root),
         settings=sync_settings,
     )
-    crypto = CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64")
+    crypto = CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64", bootstrap_ok=True)
     cred_service = CredentialService(db, crypto)
 
     svc = DownloadService(
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ async def test_backfill_decrements_after_run(
         session=db_sync, images_root=images_root, import_root=images_root,
         thumbnailer=Thumbnailer(images_root=images_root), settings=sync_settings,
     )
-    cred_service = CredentialService(db, CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64"))
+    cred_service = CredentialService(db, CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64", bootstrap_ok=True))
     svc = DownloadService(
         async_session=db, sync_session=db_sync,
         gdl=fake_gdl, importer=importer, cred_service=cred_service,
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ async def test_backfill_auto_resets_on_clean_zero_files(
         thumbnailer=Thumbnailer(images_root=tmp_path / "images"),
         settings=sync_settings,
     )
-    cred_service = CredentialService(db, CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64"))
+    cred_service = CredentialService(db, CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64", bootstrap_ok=True))
     svc = DownloadService(
         async_session=db, sync_session=db_sync,
         gdl=fake_gdl, importer=importer, cred_service=cred_service,
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ async def test_tick_mode_does_not_touch_backfill_counter(
         thumbnailer=Thumbnailer(images_root=tmp_path / "images"),
         settings=sync_settings,
     )
-    cred_service = CredentialService(db, CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64"))
+    cred_service = CredentialService(db, CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64", bootstrap_ok=True))
     svc = DownloadService(
         async_session=db, sync_session=db_sync,
         gdl=fake_gdl, importer=importer, cred_service=cred_service,
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ async def test_partial_error_type_maps_to_ok_status(
         session=db_sync, images_root=images_root, import_root=images_root,
         thumbnailer=Thumbnailer(images_root=images_root), settings=sync_settings,
     )
-    cred_service = CredentialService(db, CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64"))
+    cred_service = CredentialService(db, CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64", bootstrap_ok=True))
     svc = DownloadService(
         async_session=db, sync_session=db_sync,
         gdl=fake_gdl, importer=importer, cred_service=cred_service,
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ async def test_download_enqueues_thumbnail_and_ml_per_attached_image(
         session=db_sync, images_root=images_root, import_root=images_root,
         thumbnailer=Thumbnailer(images_root=images_root), settings=sync_settings,
     )
-    cred_service = CredentialService(db, CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64"))
+    cred_service = CredentialService(db, CredentialCrypto(tmp_path / "key.b64", bootstrap_ok=True))
 
     # Capture the IDs that the orchestrator hands off to each Celery task.
     # The .delay() shim runs inside DownloadService._phase3_persist (lazy